Unit III · UGC NET Law PYQPublic International Law and IHL

2. Which one of the following statements is correct:

1. (a)The U.N. Charter makes for compulsory membership.
2. (b)The U.N. Charter grants to all States a right to membership.
3. (c)The U.N. Membership is conditional and limited.
4. (d)The U.N. Charter does not make any distinction between the original and subsequent members.✓

5. The Monistic Theory is associated by:

1. (a)Oppenheim
2. (b)Brownlie
3. (c)Kelsen✓
4. (d)Brierly

3. Who said 'International Law is the vanishing point of jurisprudence'?

1. (a)Austin
2. (b)Holland✓
3. (c)Kelsen
4. (d)Bentham

6. Match the statement in List-I with its author in List-II:

Codes:

1. (a)A-1, B-2, C-3, D-4✓
2. (b)A-2, B-3, C-1, D-4
3. (c)A-3, B-4, C-1, D-2
4. (d)A-4, B-2, C-3, D-1

A by John Austin, who denied international law as true law.

B by William Blackstone, integrating customary international law into common law.

C by Michael Akehurst, who challenged the necessity of opinio juris as a precondition.

D by Hersch Lauterpacht, recognizing binding potential in certain General Assembly resolutions.

1. Human Rights Commission was discarded in 2006 and its successor is:

1. (a)Human Rights Committee
2. (b)Human Rights Council✓
3. (c)International Committee of Red Cross
4. (d)Amnesty International

3. Assertion (A): International law is generally not enforceable.

Reason (R): International law is generally observed by States in practice.

Options:

1. (a)Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A)
2. (b)Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A)✓
3. (c)(A) is true, but (R) is false
4. (d)(A) is false, but (R) is true

5. According to proponents of dualism, both international law and municipal law differ in terms of:

Options:

1. (a)1, 2 and 3 are correct
2. (b)2, 3 and 4 are correct
3. (c)1 and 2 are correct✓
4. (d)2 and 4 are correct

Where:

Terms of their subjects

Terms of their basis

Terms of binding nature

Terms of their existence

1. Who stated that international law is not true law but 'positive international morality' only, analogous to the rules binding a club or society?

Options: (a) Oscar Schachter

1. (b)John Austin✓
2. (c)Louis Flenking
3. (d)Hans Kelsen

4. Which of the following statements is true?

Options: (a) Nationality is the evidence of the link or relations of an individual with the State whereas domicile denotes de facto residence of an individual in a State with an intention to permanently settle there

1. (b)Nationality is an evidence of residence of an individual with an intention to permanently settle there
2. (c)Domicile denotes the link of relations of an individual with the State
3. (d)None of the above

1. If International Law were only a kind of morality, the framers of state papers concerning foreign policy would throw all strength on moral argument. But as a matter of fact, this is not what they do. They appeal not to the general feeling of moral rightness, but to precedents, to treaties and to opinions of specialists. They assume the existence among statesmen and publicists of a series of legal as distinguished from moral obligations in the affairs of nations." This observation is made by:

Options:

1. (a)Frederick Pollock✓
2. (b)L. Oppenheim
3. (c)Hans Kelsen
4. (d)P.C. Corbett

1. Who among the following said that the law of nations is "the body of legal rules which apply between states and such entities as have been granted international personality"?

Options:

1. (a)Fenwick
2. (b)Oppenheim
3. (c)Schwarzenberger✓
4. (d)Verdoss

4. Match List-I with List-II and select the correct answer:

Options:

1. (a)2 1 4 3✓
2. (b)1 2 3 4
3. (c)4 3 2 1
4. (d)3 4 1 2

8. Under international law, which of the following cases affirmed that treaty obligations override municipal law provisions among contracting states?

Options:

1. (a)Navlila Incident Case
2. (b)Greco-Bulgarian Communities Case✓
3. (c)Panevezys Saldutiskis Railway Case
4. (d)Polish Postal Service Case

1. "International Law is defined as Law of Nations or International Law is the name for the body of customary and conventional rules which are considered legally binding by civilized States in their relation with each other." This statement is attributed to:

Options:

1. (a)Charles G. Fenwick
2. (b)J.G. Starke
3. (c)J.L. Brierly
4. (d)L. Oppenheim✓

3. Which of the following statements is true?

Options:

1. (a)Pacta tertius nec nocent nec prosunt means the UN Charter cannot bind non-members✓
2. (b)The General Assembly has the essential element of binding decision
3. (c)The Security Council is an advisory body only
4. (d)The Security Council may never take action involving use of armed forces

5. Match List-I with List-II and select the correct answer:

Options:

1. (a)4 2 3 1
2. (b)4 3 2 1
3. (c)3 4 1 2
4. (d)4 3 1 2✓

6. Which of the following statements is true?

Options:

1. (a)A recommendation of General Assembly may be without true legal effect, it may have effects of a moral and political character✓
2. (b)A decision of General Assembly may be with true legal effect, it may not be without effects of a moral and political character
3. (c)A decision of General Assembly is immoral and unethical, if it is without true legal effect
4. (d)None of the above

1. Which of the following statements are true?

Options:

There is no rule to determine when usage shall give rise to a custom.

Customary rules of International Law are diminishing and being replaced by treaties and conventions.

Treaty contracts are not direct sources of International Law.

International Law is a positive morality.

Codes:

1. (a)1, 2, 3 & 4
2. (b)2, 3 & 4
3. (c)1, 2 & 3✓
4. (d)1 & 2

2. "The law of National or International law may be defined as the body of rules and principles of actions which are binding upon civilized states in their relations with one another." This definition was given by:

Options:

1. (a)J.L. Brierly✓
2. (b)Torsten Vitel
3. (c)Hackworth
4. (d)None of the above

2. Which of the following jurists regard the controversy "whether international law is a law" as a dispute about words and not things?

Options: (a) Lawrence

1. (b)Austin
2. (c)Hobbes
3. (d)Hart

6. Assertion (A): International law is not a law.

Reason (R): It lacks determinate superior political authority to enforce its rules.

Codes: (a) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A)

1. (b)Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A)✓
2. (c)(A) is true, but (R) is false
3. (d)(A) is false, but (R) is true

1. Assertion (A): According to John Austin, international law is not true law but merely international morality.

Reason (R): Three elements in Austin's definition of law — command of a sovereign, duty of inferiors, and sanction for breach — are absent in international law.

Codes: (a) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A)

1. (b)Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not a correct explanation of (A)
2. (c)(A) is true, but (R) is false✓
3. (d)(A) is false, but (R) is true

2. "International law is international morality, ethics, or convention in a social sense, distinct from enforceable law" was said by:

Options: (a) Hobbes

1. (b)Pufendorf
2. (c)Bentham✓
3. (d)Kelsen

1. "Form of rules accepted by civilized states as determining their conduct towards each other and each other's subjects, is defined as international law" was held in:

Options:

1. (a)S.S. Lotus case
2. (b)West Rand Central Gold Mining Co. v. King✓
3. (c)Queen v. Keyn
4. (d)L. Oppenheim

3. Which of the following statements is true?

Options:

1. (a)The community to be recognized as an international person should be organised
2. (b)Control over definite territory is desirable
3. (c)Control over territory must be permanent
4. (d)The community must be independent✓

4. Which of the following statements is correct?

Options:

1. (a)Primary responsibility of international peacekeeping lies with the General Assembly
2. (b)The Security Council is a deliberative organ
3. (c)Members may refuse to follow Security Council advice
4. (d)The Economic and Social Council executes the responsibilities under Chapter-IX (Articles 55-60) under General Assembly supervision✓

6. Which of the following statements is true?

Options:

1. (a)Mere counting of heads is enough to assess the authority of a General Assembly resolution
2. (b)Mere counting of heads is not enough to assess authority; legal weight depends on nature and consensus✓
3. (c)Mere counting of heads assesses the integrity of General Assembly
4. (d)None of the above

1. Match List-I with List-II and give the correct answer by using the codes given below:

Code: (a) 3 2 4 1

1. (b)1 3 2 4
2. (c)2 4 3 2
3. (d)1 2 3 4

1. "International law may be defined in broad terms as the body of general principles and specific rules which are binding upon the members of the International Community in their mutual relations." Who has given this definition of Public International Law?

1. (a)J.G. Starke
2. (b)Charles G. Fenwick✓
3. (c)Whiteman
4. (d)Torsten Ghl

1. "International Law or the Law of Nations is the name of body or rules which according to the usual definitions regulate the conduct of the states in their intercourse with one another." Who has given this definition?

1. (a)Hack Warth
2. (b)Charles G. Fenwick
3. (c)Gray✓
4. (d)Whiteman

3. In which case did Justice Gray remark: "International law is a part of our law and must be ascertained and administered by the courts of justice of appropriate jurisdiction as often as questions of right depending on it are duly presented for administration"?

1. (a)Nicaragua v. U.S.
2. (b)Paquete Habana case✓
3. (c)U.S. v. Schooner
4. (d)U.S. v. Canada

1. Who of the following has remarked that International law is a "Living and Expanding Code"?

1. (a)Judge Alvarez
2. (b)Lord Chancellor Sankey✓
3. (c)J.G. Starke
4. (d)Prof. Lissitzyn

1. Who has stated that "As a matter of fact International law is neither a myth on the one hand nor a panacea on the other, but just one institution among other which we can use for the building of a better International order"?

1. (a)Prof. Louis Henkin
2. (b)J.L. Brierly✓
3. (c)J.G. Starke
4. (d)Oppenheim

4. Which of the following statement/statements is/are incorrect?

There are five prominent theories of relationship between International law and Municipal law.

According to Dualism Theory, law is a unified branch of knowledge.

'Monism' and 'Dualism' are diametrically opposed to each other.

Wright, Kelson and Duguit are prominent exponents of Dualism Theory.

Codes:

1. (a)2 and 4 are incorrect✓
2. (b)1, 2 and 4 are incorrect
3. (c)Only 4 is incorrect
4. (d)1, 2, 3 and 4 all are incorrect

1. Whose observations are these on the point that whether international law is a mere positive morality?

“If International Law were only a kind of morality, the framers of State papers concerning foreign policy would throw all their weight on moral arguments, but as a matter of fact, this is not what they do. They appeal not to the general feeling of moral rightness, but to precedents, to treaties, and to opinions of specialists.”

1. (a)H.L.A. Hart
2. (b)Oppenheim
3. (c)Edward Collins
4. (d)Frederick Pollock✓

6. Assertion (A): International law is not potent enough to restrain a powerful state that disregards public opinion.

Reason (R): Sanctions behind international law are weak.

Codes:

1. (a)Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A)✓
2. (b)Both (A) and (R) are true but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A)
3. (c)(A) is true, (R) is false
4. (d)(A) is false, (R) is true

1. "International law must be continuously developed by revision in content, expansion of scope and improvement of the means of securing compliance, so that it is kept in accordance with the changing needs of the international community." This statement is made by:

1. (a)Strake
2. (b)Edward Collins✓
3. (c)L. Oppenheim
4. (d)W. Frieman

3. Assertion (A): According to the exponents of Monism Theory, law is a unified branch of knowledge, whether it applies to persons or other entities.

Reason (R): In view of Monistic writers, in the ultimate analysis of law we find that man is at the root of all laws.

Codes:

1. (a)Both (A) and (R) are correct and (R) is the correct explanation of (A)✓
2. (b)Both (A) and (R) are correct but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A)
3. (c)(A) is correct, (R) is wrong
4. (d)(A) is wrong, (R) is correct

1. Who has remarked that International Law is the vanishing point of Jurisprudence because in his view, rules of International Law are followed by courtesy and hence they should not be kept in the category of law?

1. (a)Prof. H.L.A. Hart
2. (b)J.G. Starke
3. (c)Louis Henkin
4. (d)Holland✓

1. Who has criticized International Law by remarking: "... this pompous law of Nations which is so eloquent in books and silent in the cabinets of diplomats."?

1. (a)Emmanuel Kant✓
2. (b)Edward Collins
3. (c)H.L.A. Hart
4. (d)J.G. Starke

2. Who of the following is not the exponent of Dualism Theory?

1. (a)Triepel
2. (b)Anzilloti
3. (c)Hegel
4. (d)Duguit✓

1. Read Assertion (A) and Reason (R) and answer using the codes given below:

Assertion (A): Customary International Law, if not contrary to the Municipal laws, shall be deemed to have been incorporated in the Domestic Law and shall be followed by the courts.

Reason (R): Sustainable development as a balancing concept between ecology and development has been accepted as part of customary International Law.

Codes:

1. (a)(A) is right, but (R) is wrong
2. (b)Both (A) and (R) are right and (R) is the correct reason of (A)✓
3. (c)Both (A) and (R) are wrong
4. (d)Both (A) and (R) are right, but (R) is not the correct reason of (A)

2. Read Assertion (A) and Reason (R) and give the correct answer by using the codes given below:

Assertion (A): The greatest shortcoming of International law is that it lacks an effective executive authority to enforce its rules.

Reason (R): Due to lack of effective sanctions, rules of International Law are frequently violated.

Codes:

1. (a)Both (A) and (R) are correct and (R) is the correct explanation of (A)✓
2. (b)Both (A) and (R) are correct but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A)
3. (c)(A) is correct, (R) is wrong
4. (d)(A) is wrong, (R) is correct

1. Who has remarked that "it is both practically inconvenient and also contrary to the best juristic thought to deny its (International law) legal character"?

1. (a)H.L.A. Hart
2. (b)J.G. Strake
3. (c)Edward Collins
4. (d)J.L. Brierly✓

2. Given below are two statements, one labeled as Assertion (A) and the other as Reason (R). Read and choose the correct answer:

Assertion (A): 'Res Judicata', 'Estoppel', etc. are examples of the General Principles of Law recognized by civilized states.

Reason (R): In the case of diversion of water from Muese, the Permanent Court of International Justice applied 'Res Judicata' and 'Estoppel'.

Codes:

1. (a)Both (A) and (R) are correct, but (R) is not related to (A)✓
2. (b)(A) is correct, but (R) is false
3. (c)(R) is correct, but (A) is false
4. (d)Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A)

3. Which of the following is not a "theory" propounded to explain the relationship between International Law and Municipal Law?

1. (a)Transformation Theory
2. (b)Delegation Theory
3. (c)Fiction Theory✓
4. (d)Specific Adoption Theory

1. Which of the following pair/pairs is/are correctly matched? Give correct answer by using the codes given below:

J.G. Starke – An Introduction to International Law

Hackworth – Digest of International Law

J.L. Brierly – The Changing Structure of International Law

W. Friedman – The Basis of Obligation in International Law

Codes:

1. (a)Only 2
2. (b)1 and 2 both✓
3. (c)1, 2 and 3
4. (d)1, 2, 3, and 4

3. In International Law, a good example of the application of the principle of sovereignty is the 'Theory of Auto Limitation'. The chief exponents of this theory are:

1. (a)Only Anzilotti
2. (b)Anzilotti and Triepel both✓
3. (c)Salmond
4. (d)Max Huber

1. In which of the following cases Judge Alvarez aptly remarked, "The fundamental principles of international law are passing through a serious crisis and this necessitates its reconstruction. A new international law is developing which embodies not only this reconstruction but also some entirely new elements"?

1. (a)Anglo-Norwegian Fisheries Case
2. (b)Aegean Sea Continental Shelf Case
3. (c)Conditions of admission of a State to the United Nations✓
4. (d)International Status of South West Africa

2. Which of the following statement/statements is/are not correct?

The words 'International Law' were first used by eminent British jurist Jeremy Bentham in 1780.

J.S. Starke remarked that international law is a "living and expanding code."

Prof. Oppenheim remarked that international law is the vanishing point of jurisprudence.

Holland viewed that international law is mere positive morality.

Code:

1. (a)Only 3 is incorrect
2. (b)1 and 4 both are incorrect
3. (c)2, 3 and 4 are only incorrect✓
4. (d)1, 2, 3 and 4 all are incorrect

3. Which of the following is not a theory of relationship between international law and municipal law?

1. (a)Specific Adoption Theory
2. (b)Delegation Theory
3. (c)Declaratory Theory✓
4. (d)Monism

1. Which of the following jurists deny the legal character of international law?

1. (a)Hobbes
2. (b)Pufendorf✓
3. (c)Oppenheim
4. (d)Starke

5. Read Assertion (A) and Reason (R) and answer using the codes given below:

Assertion (A): It is a very important principle of international law that extradition for political crimes is not allowed.

Reason (R): Stoeck v. The Public Trustee is a leading case relating to non-extradition of political criminals.

Code:

1. (a)Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A
2. (b)Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A
3. (c)A is true, but R is false✓
4. (d)A is false, but R is true

1. Which of the following statement/statements is/are correct?

Hobbes, Austin and Pufendorf subscribe to the view that law is "properly so called" when enforced by a superior political authority and hence deny the legal character of International Law.

Oppenheim has remarked that International Law is the vanishing point of Jurisprudence.

Holland subscribes to the view that International Law is really law.

Starke has expressed the view that International Law is a "Weak law".

Options:

1. (a)Only 1 is correct
2. (b)1 and 4 both are correct✓
3. (c)1, 2, and 3 are correct
4. (d)1, 2, 3, and 4 all correct

2. 'Triepel' and 'Anzilloti' are the exponents of which of the following theory of relationship between International Law and Municipal Law?

1. (a)Monism
2. (b)Dualism✓
3. (c)Specific Adoption Theory
4. (d)Delegation Theory

1. Which of the following is/are the chief exponents of the 'Theory of Consent' regarding the basis of international law?

1. (a)Jellinek, Fenwick
2. (b)J.L. Brierly, Kelsen
3. (c)Anzilotti, Triepel, Oppenheim✓
4. (d)Grotius, Vattel, Pufendorf

1. Which of the following are the chief exponents of the ‘Theory of Consent’ regarding the basis of International Law?

1. (a)Anzilotti, Triepel, Oppenheim✓
2. (b)Starke, Smith, Brierly
3. (c)Fawcett, Jellinck, Pollock
4. (d)Kelsen, Hart, Edward Collins

6. Which of the following statement/statements are true?

1. (a)In Nicaragua v. USA, the World Court by majority held that the sources of International Law are hierarchical.
2. (b)In Nicaragua v. USA, the World Court unanimously held that the sources of International Law are not hierarchical.
3. (c)In Nicaragua v. USA, the World Court by majority held that the sources of International Law are not hierarchical but necessarily complementary and interrelated.✓
4. (d)In Nicaragua v. USA, the World Court unanimously held that the sources of International Law are not hierarchical but necessarily complementary and interrelated.

10. “The law of nations is that collection of usages which civilized states have agreed to observe in their dealings with one another.” This definition of International Law is given by Lord Coleridge in:

1. (a)Queen v. Keyn✓
2. (b)West Rand Central Gold Mining Ltd. Co. v. King
3. (c)S.S. Lotus case
4. (d)A.M. Luther Co. v. Sugar and Co.

8. The words 'International Law' were first used by:

1. (a)Oppenheim
2. (b)W. Friedmann
3. (c)Austin
4. (d)Jeremy Bentham✓

4. The view that international law consisted of precepts dictated to States by natural law was advanced by:

1. (a)Kelsen
2. (b)Vattel✓
3. (c)HLA Hart
4. (d)Salmond

Which one of the following statements is not correct?

1. (a)Hart’s analysis suggests international law is a set of rules, not a system.
2. (b)Absence of basic rules of recognition in international law prevents its systematization.
3. (c)International law remains a collection of separate rules.
4. (d)Many rules of international law rest on treaty, not custom.✓

8. Which one of the following statements is not correct?

1. (a)Starke and Kelsen contend that there is both legislation and law enforcement in international law.
2. (b)According to Starke, legislation is provided by multilateral treaties in international law.
3. (c)According to Kelsen, sanctions are provided by the right of self-help and war in international law.
4. (d)Treaties and self-help can qualify as legislation and law-enforcement in a positivist sense.✓

9. Who defines law as a body of rules for human conduct within a community, which by common consent shall be enforced by external power?

1. (a)Oppenheim✓
2. (b)Austin
3. (c)Bentham
4. (d)Friedman

10. Which of the following group of jurists considered law as a command of sovereign enforced by superior authority, and hence did not treat international law as 'properly so called' law?

1. (a)Starke, Salmond, Holland
2. (b)Hart, Starke, Oppenheim
3. (c)Holland, Oppenheim, Hart
4. (d)Hobbes, Pufendorf, Austin✓

12. Which of the following statement/statements is/are correct?

(1) On 16th June, 1987, the foreign secretaries of South Asian Regional Countries entered into an agreement on extradition.

(2) Hong Kong Pact on Extradition with India was entered in the middle of June 1980.

(3) India and Germany signed an Extradition Treaty on 27 June, 2001.

(4) India and France signed an Extradition Treaty on 24 June, 2002.

Choose the most appropriate answer:

1. (a)(1), (2), (4) only
2. (b)(2), (3), (4) only
3. (c)(1), (3) only✓
4. (d)(1), (2), (3), (4)

7. Kelsen focuses on:

1. (a)Primacy of Pacta sunt servanda
2. (b)State behaviour being in conformity with customary international law✓
3. (c)Pacta sunt servanda being responsible for the growth of customary international law
4. (d)Pacta sunt servanda being independent of the principles of customary international law

9. Which of the following is correct?

1. (a)Pacta sunt servanda is an absolute principle
2. (b)Pacta sunt servanda covers unequal treaties also
3. (c)Pacta sunt servanda is not an absolute principle as it fails to explain the binding force of customary rules of international law✓
4. (d)Pacta sunt servanda explains the binding force of customary rules of international law

Who said, "International Law or the Law of Nations is the body of rules which regulate the conduct of states in their intercourse with one another"?

1. (a)Oppenheim
2. (b)Lauterpacht
3. (c)Brierly
4. (d)Kelsen✓

'The grand function of the Law of Nature was discharged in giving birth to modern International Law.' Who made this statement?

1. (a)Oppenheim
2. (b)Henry Maine✓
3. (c)Holland
4. (d)H.L.A. Hart

2. Which of the following statements are correct?

(A) In S.S. Lotus case, the PCIJ defined International Law as "principles which are in force between all independent nations"

(B) Professor Dias suggests that International law can never be called a 'Law'

(C) Lord Halsbury, when Prime Minister of England, remarked it was a misnomer to call international law as 'Law'; it should be better described as a branch of ethics

(D) Russel has defined International Law as "the aggregate of the rules to which the nations have agreed to conform to their conduct towards one another"

(E) According to Austin, International law is set and enforced by a political sovereign authority

Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

1. (a)(A), (B) and (C) only
2. (b)(A), (C) and (D) only✓
3. (c)(B), (C) and (E) only
4. (d)(B), (D) and (E) only

2. Match the List-I with List-II

List-I (Titles of Books)

A. Public International Law in Nutshell

B. Law among Nations: An Introduction to Public International Law

C. Principles of Public International Law

D. Text Book on International Law

List-II (Authors)

I. J.L. Taulbee and G.V. Glahn

II. Martin Dixon

III. Thomas Buergenthal and Sean D. Murphy

IV. Ian Brownlie

Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

1. (a)A-IV, B-II, C-III, D-I
2. (b)A-III, B-I, C-IV, D-II✓
3. (c)A-II, B-I, C-III, D-IV
4. (d)A-I, B-III, C-II, D-IV

3. Who coined the English phrase "International Law" for the first time?

1. (a)Plato
2. (b)Cicero
3. (c)Aristotle
4. (d)Jeremy Bentham✓

14. Match the List-I with List-II

List-I (Authors/Editors)

A. J. Crowe & K.W. Scheuber

B. Charlotte Lulf

C. Mathilde Crepin

D. Dieter Fleck and Michael Bothe

List-II (Titles of Books)

I. The Handbook of International Humanitarian Law (ed), OUP

II. Persecution International Refugee Law and Refugees: A Feminist Approach

III. Conflict of Displacement and Legal Protection: Understanding Asylum, Human Rights and Refugee Law

IV. Principles of International Humanitarian Law

Choose the correct answer:

1. (a)A-I, B-II, C-IV, D-III
2. (b)A-III, B-I, C-IV, D-II
3. (c)A-II, B-I, C-III, D-IV
4. (d)A-IV, B-III, C-II, D-I✓

5. "International law is the body of rules and principles of action which are binding upon civilised states in their relations with one another." — This definition is attributed to:

1. (a)Oppenheim
2. (b)J.L. Brierly✓
3. (c)J.G. Starke
4. (d)Jeremy Bentham

6. Match the following authors/editors with their respective books:

List-I (Authors/Editors)

A. Rainer Arnold

B. Vandana Shiva

C. Lenzerini Federico

D. Emily Crawford & Alison Pert

List-II (Books)

International Humanitarian Law

The Universalism of Human Rights

Biopiracy: The Plunder of Nature & Knowledge

The Culturalisation of Human Rights Law

1. (a)A-2, B-3, C-4, D-1✓
2. (b)A-1, B-2, C-3, D-4
3. (c)A-3, B-1, C-4, D-2
4. (d)A-4, B-3, C-1, D-2

Which one of the following jurist defined International Law as, "the body of rules and principles of action which are binding upon civilized States in their relations with one another"?

1. (a)Kelsen
2. (b)Oppenheim
3. (c)Brierly✓
4. (d)Anzilotti

4. The era of law-making treaties began with:

1. (a)Treaty of Vienna
2. (b)Treaty of Versailles
3. (c)Kellogg Briand Pact
4. (d)Treaty of Westphalia✓

6. Match the following:

Options:

1. (a)A-2, B-3, C-4, D-1✓
2. (b)A-3, B-4, C-2, D-1
3. (c)A-4, B-3, C-1, D-2
4. (d)A-2, B-3, C-4, D-1

Pequete Habana case — about customary international law and non-combatant ships.

Dumbarton Oaks Conference — foundation for the formation of the United Nations.

Vienna Declaration, 1993 — focused on Human Rights reaffirmation.

Custom — recognized source of law in international jurisprudence.

1. Which of the following is a principal organ of the United Nations?

1. (a)Human Rights Committee
2. (b)Economic and Social Council✓
3. (c)International Labour Organization
4. (d)International Law Association

2. India is not a party to:

1. (a)International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights, 1966
2. (b)International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, 1966
3. (c)Optional Protocol to the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, 1966✓
4. (d)Convention on Elimination of Discrimination Against Women (CEDAW), 1979

3. A treaty, in principle, binds the states parties to it. A state becomes a party to the treaty by:

1. (a)Signing the treaty✓
2. (b)Ratifying or acceding to the treaty
3. (c)Enacting domestic legislation to implement the treaty
4. (d)Enforcing the treaty by way of conduct

5. In India, treaty-making is:

1. (a)A Legislative Act
2. (b)An Executive Act✓
3. (c)A Judicial Act
4. (d)Both a Legislative and Judicial Act

1. Boundary delimitation treaties are binding even on non-party states because they are valid erga omnes. The International Court of Justice held so in:

Options:

1. (a)The Asylum Case
2. (b)The Case Concerning Kasikili/Sedudu Island (Botswana v. Namibia)✓
3. (c)The Case Concerning the Gabcikovo-Nagymaros Project (Hungary v. Slovakia)
4. (d)The Anglo-Norwegian Fisheries Case

2. ‘A treaty is a contract between the Governments of two or more sovereign States.’ Lord Templeman said so in:

Options:

1. (a)The S.S. Lotus Case
2. (b)The Gulf of Maine Case
3. (c)James Buchanan & Co. v. Babco Forwarding and Shipping
4. (d)Maclaine Watson v. Deptt. of Trade and Industry✓

4. Match List-I with List-II and select the correct answer using the codes given below:

Options:

1. (a)A-1, B-2, C-3, D-4
2. (b)A-2, B-3, C-4, D-1
3. (c)A-2, B-1, C-4, D-3✓
4. (d)A-3, B-2, C-1, D-4

2. Which of the following are essential elements of a valid international custom?

Options:

Constant and uniform state practice

Generality of practice

Jus cogens

Opinio juris

1. (a)1 alone
2. (b)3 and 4
3. (c)1, 2 and 4
4. (d)1, 2, 3 and 4✓

3. Match List-I with List-II and select the correct answer using the codes given below:

Options:

1. (a)A-2, B-4, C-1, D-3
2. (b)A-3, B-1, C-4, D-2✓
3. (c)A-3, B-2, C-4, D-1
4. (d)A-1, B-4, C-2, D-3

4. Assertion (A): General principles of law recognized by civilized nations enable the International Court to develop rules of International Law.

Reason (R): The meaning and scope of general principles of law are unclear.

Options:

1. (a)Both (A) and (R) are correct and (R) is the correct explanation of (A)
2. (b)Both (A) and (R) are correct, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A)✓
3. (c)(A) is true, but (R) is false
4. (d)(A) is false, but (R) is true

5. In the S.S. Lotus case, the Permanent Court of International Justice held that in the case of collision of two foreign ships:

Options:

1. (a)France has jurisdiction
2. (b)Turkey has jurisdiction✓
3. (c)European Union has jurisdiction
4. (d)Assembly of the League of Nations has jurisdiction

6. Consider the following judicial decisions:

Luther v. Sagar

S.S. Lotus case

Mavrommatis Palestine Concessions case

Mortensen v. Peters

The chronological order in which these decisions were delivered is:

Options:

1. (a)4, 3, 1 and 2✓
2. (b)2, 4, 1 and 3
3. (c)2, 3, 4 and 1
4. (d)1, 2, 3 and 4

Mortensen v. Peters (1906)

Mavrommatis Palestine Concessions case (1924)

Luther v. Sagar (1921)

S.S. Lotus case (1927)

Thus, option (a) correctly reflects their chronological order.

1. Assertion (A): Customs to have the force of law must be immemorial.

Reason (R): Custom represents common consciousness of people.

Options:

1. (a)(A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A)
2. (b)(A) and (R) are true but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A)
3. (c)(A) is true, but (R) is false
4. (d)(A) is false, but (R) is true✓

2. Assertion (A): International Court of Justice has power to decide cases on the basis of equity.

Reason (R): Equity is one of the General Principles of Law recognized by Civilized Nations.

Options:

1. (a)(A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A)✓
2. (b)(A) and (R) are true but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A)
3. (c)(A) is true, but (R) is false
4. (d)(A) is false, but (R) is true

3. Match List-I with List-II:

Options: (a) A-1, B-2, C-3, D-4

1. (b)A-2, B-1, C-3, D-4
2. (c)A-3, B-2, C-1, D-4
3. (d)A-4, B-2, C-3, D-1

5. Which of the following is not a primary source of International Law?

Options: (a) International treaty

1. (b)Decision of International Court of Justice✓
2. (c)International Custom
3. (d)General Principle of Law recognized by Civilized Nations

2. Opinio juris sive necessitatis means:

Options: (a) Opinions of jurists is necessary evidence for determining rules of international law

1. (b)Opinions of jurists is not necessary evidence for ascertaining rules of international law
2. (c)The feeling on the part of States that in acting as they do, they are fulfilling a legal obligation✓
3. (d)None of the above

1. Assertion (A): International Law Commission has initiated studies and prepared draft codes on diverse fields in international law.

Reason (R): International Law Commission was established under General Assembly Resolution No.1947 with an object to promote, progressively develop and codify international law.

Options: (a) Both (A) and (R) are true

1. (b)(A) is true, (R) is false
2. (c)(R) is true, (A) is false
3. (d)Both (A) and (R) are false

2. Match List-I with List-II:

List-I (Declaration/Treaty/Convention)

A. Universal Declaration of Human Rights

B. International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights

C. Convention on the Rights of the Child

D. Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities

List-II (Year of Adoption)

Options: (a) 1 2 4 3

1. (b)2 1 4 3
2. (c)4 3 2 1
3. (d)3 2 4 1

3. Jus Cogens means:

Options: (a) Peremptory norm of international law

1. (b)Norm of international law
2. (c)Peremptory norm which does not permit derogation✓
3. (d)None of the above

4. Which one of the following is a primary source of international law?

Options: (a) Decisions of International Court of Justice

1. (b)Resolutions of U.N. General Assembly
2. (c)General principles of law recognized by civilized nations✓
3. (d)None of the above

2. What are essential tests for the existence of International Custom?

Options:

1. (a)Uniform practice of States and longevity of time period
2. (b)Uniform practice of States and opinio juris sine necessitatis✓
3. (c)Uniform practice of States, longevity of time period and opinio juris sine necessitatis
4. (d)None of the above

3. In which of the following cases, Judge Alvarez evolved a doctrine that General Assembly resolutions are virtually binding upon States in a legislative sense?

Options:

1. (a)South West Africa Voting Procedure case, ICJ Reports, 1975
2. (b)Western Sahara case, ICJ Reports, 1975
3. (c)Anglo-Norwegian Fisheries case, ICJ Reports, 1951✓
4. (d)South West Africa Voting Procedure case, ICJ Reports, 1955

4. Assertion (A): International Law consists for the most part of customary rules.

Reason (R): Customary rules are the original and oldest source of International Law.

Options:

1. (a)Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A)
2. (b)Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A)✓
3. (c)(A) is correct but (R) is false
4. (d)(A) is false but (R) is correct

7. In which one of the following cases did the Permanent Court of International Justice hold, "it is a generally accepted principle of international law that provisions of municipal law cannot prevail over treaty obligations between contracting parties"?

Options:

1. (a)Navlila Incident Case
2. (b)Greco-Bulgarian Communities Case✓
3. (c)Panevezys Saldutiskis Railway Case
4. (d)Polish Postal Service Case

2. Assertion (A): Custom is a rule of conduct obligatory on part of those who are within its sphere, established by long usage and practice.

Reason (R): Rule of conduct are obligatory in any established sphere.

Options:

1. (a)Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A)
2. (b)Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A)✓
3. (c)(A) is true, but (R) is false
4. (d)(A) is false, but (R) is true

5. In which of the following cases did the International Court of Justice deny the existence of a customary rule?

Options:

1. (a)North Sea Continental Shelf case
2. (b)The Lotus case
3. (c)Both of the above✓
4. (d)None of the above

3. What should be the order of the use of material sources of International Law?

Options:

Treaties and Conventions

Customs

General principles of law recognized by civilized states

Judicial decisions and juristic opinions as subsidiary means

Codes: (a) 4, 3, 2, 1

1. (b)2, 3, 1, 4
2. (c)4, 2, 1, 3
3. (d)1, 2, 3, 4✓

4. Which Article of the Statute of the International Court of Justice clarifies that its decisions have no binding force except between the parties and in respect of that particular case?

Options: (a) Article 60

1. (b)Article 59✓
2. (c)Article 68
3. (d)Article 38(1)

3. Match List-I with List-II and select the correct answer:

Codes: (a) 2 1 4 3

1. (b)1 2 4 3
2. (c)1 2 3 4
3. (d)4 2 1 3

2. Assertion (A): International convention is the most important source of law.

Reason (R): International convention has generic wisdom.

Codes:

1. (a)Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A)
2. (b)Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A)✓
3. (c)(A) is true, but (R) is false
4. (d)(A) is false, but (R) is true

3. Match List-I with List-II and give the correct answer by using the codes given below:

Code: (a) 1 2 3 4

1. (b)2 3 4 1
2. (c)3 4 1 2
3. (d)4 1 3 2✓

4. Statement-I: Subject to rules of jus cogens, local customary law can supplement or derogate from general custom.

Statement-II: International law does not recognise the concept of local custom.

Code: (a) Both statements are true and II explains I

1. (b)Both statements are true but II does not explain I
2. (c)Statement-I is true, but Statement-II is false✓
3. (d)Statement-I is false, but Statement-II is true

2. In which of the following cases did the Permanent Court of International Justice apply the general principle of subrogation?

1. (a)Chorzow Factory (Indemnity Case)
2. (b)Case Concerning the Temple of Preah Vihear
3. (c)Barcelona Traction Case
4. (d)Mavrommatis Palestine Concessions Case✓

6. Assertion (A): International customs used to be the most important source of international law in the past.

Reason (R): The development of custom is very slow and compared to it, rapid changes are made through treaties.

Codes:

1. (a)Both (A) and (R) are true, and (R) is the correct explanation of (A)
2. (b)Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A)✓
3. (c)(A) is true, but (R) is false
4. (d)(A) is false, but (R) is true

2. Which of the following statements is/are incorrect?

Long duration is an essential element for International Custom.

The custom should be completely uniform and consistent to be an International Custom.

In an International Custom, universality of practice is not necessary; the practice should have been generally observed or repeated by numerous states.

Opinio Juris is present, meaning customary practice must be recognized as legally binding by international law.

Codes:

1. (a)Only 1 is incorrect
2. (b)Only 1 and 2 are incorrect✓
3. (c)2, 3 and 4 are incorrect
4. (d)1, 2, 3, 4 all are incorrect

3. Match List-I with List-II and give the correct answer:

Code:

1. (a)4 3 2 1✓
2. (b)3 2 4 1
3. (c)4 3 1 2
4. (d)2 4 3 1

2. Which one of the following sources of International Law is not mentioned in Article 38 of the statute of the International Court of Justice but has now become a well-recognized source?

1. (a)International conventions
2. (b)General Principles of Law Recognised by Civilized Nations
3. (c)Decisions of Judicial or Arbitral Tribunals and Juristic Works
4. (d)Decisions or Determinations of the Organs of International Institutions✓

3. Which of the following statement/statements is/are correct?

Custom is the oldest and original source of International law as well as of law in general.

In Barcelona Traction case, the International Court applied the general rule of subrogation.

In Chorzow Factory (Indemnity) case the Permanent Court of Justice ruled that International law is based on justice, equity and good conscience.

In Nicaragua v. U.S.A. the Court held that the sources of International law are not hierarchical but complementary and interrelated.

Codes:

1. (a)Only 1 is correct
2. (b)1, 2 and 3 are correct
3. (c)1 and 4 are both correct✓
4. (d)1, 2, 3 and 4 all are correct

2. Which of the following statements is/are not correct?

Principle of law recognised by domestic law of a large number of states automatically becomes a principle of International Law.

Article 38(1)(c) of ICJ Statute lists “General Principles of Law Recognised by Civilized States” as the second source of international law.

General principles include only substantive principles provided they have general recognition.

Development of such principles as a source of law has weakened positivism.

Codes:

1. (a)Only 2 is incorrect
2. (b)Both 2 and 3 are incorrect✓
3. (c)1, 2 and 3 are incorrect
4. (d)1, 3 and 4 are incorrect

2. Which of the following statements is/are not correct?

Decisions or determinations of the organs of international institutions do not find mention in Article 38 of the Statute of the International Court of Justice.

West Rand Central Gold Mining Company Ltd. v. R. is related to general principles of law recognized by civilized states.

Frontier Dispute (Burkina Faso v. Mali) is a case related to international customs as a source of law.

The importance of the works of jurists has been stressed by Justice Gray in the Barcelona Traction case.

Codes:

1. (a)Only 1, 2 and 3 are not correct
2. (b)Only 2, 3 and 4 are not correct✓
3. (c)Only 3 and 4 are not correct
4. (d)1, 2, 3 and 4 all are not correct

2. In which of the following cases did the World Court by majority take the view that the sources of international law are not hierarchical but are necessarily complementary and interrelated?

1. (a)Nicaragua v. U.S.A.✓
2. (b)North Sea Continental Shelf case
3. (c)Barcelona Traction case
4. (d)Frontier Dispute (Burkina Faso v. Mali)

3. Match List-I with List-II and select the correct answer using the codes below:

Codes:

1. (a)1 2 3 4
2. (b)4 3 2 1
3. (c)2 4 1 3✓
4. (d)3 1 4 2

3. Which of the following statement/statements is/are correct?

Article 38 of the Statute of the Permanent Court of International Justice mentions only 4 sources of International law.

Right of passage over Indian Territory Case (Portugal v. India) was decided by the International Court of Justice based upon General Principles of Law recognised by Civilised States.

Decisions or determinations of the organs of the International Institutions do not find mention in Article 38 of the Statute of the International Court but have become a recognised source of International Law.

In Chorzow Factory (Indemnity) case the Permanent Court of Justice applied the principle of subrogation.

Codes:

1. (a)Only (1) is correct
2. (b)Only (2), (3) and (4) are correct
3. (c)Only (1) and (3) are correct✓
4. (d)(1), (2), (3) and (4) all are correct

2. In which of the following cases did the International Court of Justice point out that when two states follow a practice repeatedly over a long time, it becomes a binding customary rule?

1. (a)West Rand Central Gold Mining Co. Ltd. v. R.
2. (b)South West Africa Case
3. (c)Right of Passage over Indian Territory (Portugal v. India)✓
4. (d)North Sea Continental Shelf Case

2. In which of the following cases did the World Court, by majority, take the view that the sources of law are hierarchical but necessarily complementary and interrelated?

1. (a)Nicaragua v. USA✓
2. (b)Frontier Dispute (Burkina Faso v. Mali)
3. (c)Portugal v. India
4. (d)Temple of Preah Vihear Case

2. In the Asylum Case, what did the International Court of Justice state about the requirement for a rule of customary law to be established?

1. (a)Both the assertion and reason are correct, and reason is the correct explanation.✓
2. (b)Both are correct, but reason is not the correct explanation.
3. (c)Assertion is true but reason is false.
4. (d)Assertion is false but reason is true.

2. Read both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) and choose the correct option.

Assertion (A): Article 38 of the Statute of the International Court of Justice lists international conventions—whether general or particular—that establish rules expressly recognized by contesting states as the first source of international law.

Reason (R): In the modern period, international treaties are the most important source of international law.

Options:

1. (a)Both (A) and (R) are correct and (R) is the correct explanation of (A)✓
2. (b)Both (A) and (R) are correct but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A)
3. (c)(A) is correct but (R) is wrong
4. (d)(A) is wrong but (R) is correct

3. Assertion-Reason MCQ

Assertion (A): Subject of rules of Jus Cogens, local customary law can supplement or derogate from general custom.

Reason (R): International law does not recognize the concept of local custom.

Choose the correct option:

1. (a)Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A)
2. (b)Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A)
3. (c)(A) is true, but (R) is false✓
4. (d)(A) is false, but (R) is true

10. Which provision of ICJ Statute lists ‘General Principles of Law Recognized by Civilised States’ as a source?

1. (a)Article 38(a)
2. (b)Para (1)(c) of Article 38✓
3. (c)Article 38(b)
4. (d)Para (3)(c) of Article 38

2. Pacata Terties Nec Nocent Nec Prosunt means:

1. (a)Multilateral treaties prevail over bilateral treaties
2. (b)Treaties are not binding in case of situations of emergency
3. (c)Only parties to an international treaty are bound by it✓
4. (d)The right of innocent passage cannot be thwarted by bilateral treaties

4. “General principles of law recognized by civilized states” as a source of international law has been applied in which case?

1. (a)Corfu Channel case
2. (b)Asylum case
3. (c)Mavrommatis Palestine Concessions case✓
4. (d)Reparations case

5. To which does the passage give primacy, pacta sunt servanda or the principles of customary international law?

1. (a)Pacta sunt servanda
2. (b)Principles of customary international law✓
3. (c)Both
4. (d)Neither

6. The literal meaning of Pacta sunt servanda is:

1. (a)Pacts are sacred
2. (b)Pacts are good servants
3. (c)Pacts need not be observed
4. (d)Agreements must be observed✓

8. The codification of Pacta sunt servanda finds mention in which Article of the Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties, 1969?

1. (a)It does not find mention in the Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties, 1969
2. (b)Article 26✓
3. (c)Article 2
4. (d)Article 47

Article 38 of the Statute of the International Court of Justice enumerates which of the following as sources of International Law?

A. All international conventions

B. International custom, as evidence of a general practice accepted as law

C. The general principles of law recognized by United Nations

D. The general principles of law recognized by civilized nations

Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

1. (a)A, B, C only
2. (b)B, D only✓
3. (c)B, C only
4. (d)A, B only

The general principles of law recognized by civilized nations

Judicial decisions and teachings of highly qualified publicists (as subsidiary means).

Recognition by the United Nations is not a source under Article 38, making option (b) correct.

1.Which of the following statements is/are correct?

A. Art. 2(4) of the UN Charter contains the prohibition of the unilateral use of force or threat by states in their international relations.

B. There are no exceptions to the above.

C. The UN Charter makes an exception to Art. 2(4) in cases of individual and collective self-defence as in Art. 51.

D. States may use or encourage the use of economic and political measures to coerce another state.

E. States have a duty to refrain from propaganda for wars of aggression.

Choose the most appropriate answer:

1. (a)A, B, D and E only
2. (b)A, C, D and E only
3. (c)A, C and E only✓
4. (d)B, C, D and E only

2. Match List I with List II and select the correct option:

List I

A. Kyoto Treaty on Climate Change

B. International Convention on the Protection of the Rights of All Migrant Workers and Members of their Families

C. SAARC Accord on Extradition

D. WTO came into force

List II

I. 1995

II. 1997

IV. 1987

Options:

1. (a)A-II, B-III, C-IV, D-I✓
2. (b)A-IV, B-III, C-II, D-I
3. (c)A-III, B-IV, C-II, D-I
4. (d)A-II, B-I, C-IV, D-III

5. Which of the following statements is/are correct?

A. Treaties may be terminated.

B. Treaties cannot be terminated.

C. Treaties may be terminated by (i) operation of law and (ii) by act of state parties.

D. Non-performance of a treaty is also a ground for termination and is provided in Article 51 of the Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties, 1969.

E. Non-performance of a treaty is also a ground for termination as per Article 57 of the Vienna Convention.

Options:

1. (a)A, B, C and E only✓
2. (b)B, C and D only
3. (c)B, C and E only
4. (d)B and C only

Omitted

6. Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

A. Uniting for Peace Resolution was passed in 1950

B. Uniting for Peace Resolution was passed by the General Assembly

C. Uniting for Peace Resolution was passed by the Security Council

D. Maintenance of international peace and security is the primary responsibility of the Security Council

E. Maintenance of international peace and security is the primary responsibility of the General Assembly

1. (a)A, B and D only✓
2. (b)A, B, C and D only
3. (c)A, B, D and E only
4. (d)A, B and E only

7. Given below are two statements:

Assertion (A): Article 38(2) of the ICJ Statute states that "provision in Article 38(1) shall not prejudice the power of the court to decide a case ex aequo et bono if parties agree thereto."

Reason (R): Ex aequo et bono enables the court to decide upon considerations of fair dealing and good faith, which may be independent of or contrary to law.

Which of the following is correct?

1. (a)Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A✓
2. (b)Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A
3. (c)A is true but R is false
4. (d)A is false but R is true

List I

A. Rule of Specialty

B. Paquete Habana

C. Barcelona Traction Case

D. Nicaragua v USA

List II

I. Importance of the works of jurists

II. Extradition

III. Sources of International Law are not hierarchical but complementary

IV. Equity and Justice

Options:

1. (a)A-II, B-I, C-IV, D-III✓
2. (b)A-III, B-II, C-I, D-IV
3. (c)A-II, B-III, C-IV, D-I
4. (d)A-II, B-IV, C-III, D-I

14. Which one of the following chronological sequences is correct regarding international legal instruments?

A. Treaty of Westphalia

B. Kellogg-Briand Pact

C. Brussels Conference

D. Convention on the Status of Refugees

E. Montevideo Convention

Options:

1. (a)A, B, C, E, D
2. (b)A, E, B, C, D
3. (c)A, C, E, B, D
4. (d)A, C, B, E, D✓

15. The principle of Jus Cogens is incorporated in which Article of the Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties, 1969?

1. (a)Article 25
2. (b)Article 37
3. (c)Article 53✓
4. (d)Article 63

13. Which of the following is not a source of International Law as per Article 38 of the Statute of the International Court of Justice?

1. (a)Judicial decisions (subject to Article 59 of Statute of ICJ)
2. (b)Writing of most highly qualified publicists (subject to Article 59 of Statute of ICJ)
3. (c)Community customary laws✓
4. (d)General principles of law recognised by civilised nations

3. Which of the following is a guide to the International Court of Justice to decide disputes submitted to it by State parties?

1. (a)Non-binding international conventions
2. (b)Principles of engagement laid down by the permanent members of the United Nations Security Council
3. (c)The general principles of law recognised by civilised nations✓
4. (d)Previous decisions of the International Court of Justice

7. Match the following legal maxims with their meanings:

List-I (Maxim)

A. Erga Omnes

B. Jus Cogens

C. Pacta Sunt Servanda

D. Rebus Sic Stantibus

List-II (Meaning)

Relation to all

Peremptory norm

Agreements are to be respected

Essential circumstances remain unchanged

1. (a)A-4, B-3, C-2, D-1
2. (b)A-3, B-4, C-2, D-1
3. (c)A-1, B-2, C-3, D-4✓
4. (d)A-2, B-1, C-3, D-4

Arrange the following in chronological order of their enactment

A. The Anti-Hijacking Act

B. Diplomatic Relations (Vienna Convention) Act

C. Anti-Apartheid (United Nations Convention) Act

D. Genocide Convention

Choose the correct answer from the options given below

1. (a)D, C, A, B
2. (b)D, B, C, A✓
3. (c)C, B, D, A
4. (d)B, C, D, A

1. Stimson doctrine is associated with:

1. (a)De facto Recognition
2. (b)De jure Recognition
3. (c)Both A and B
4. (d)Doctrine of Non Recognition✓

5. The Atrantzazu Mendi case deals with:

1. (a)Human Rights
2. (b)Recognition✓
3. (c)Nature of International Law
4. (d)Peaceful settlement of disputes

6. An interim Government of Lomalia seeks control over certain funds belonging to the Republic of Lomalia. Lomalia is presently in a state of civil war, with no effective control. The UK no longer recognizes the government. In this situation, the Court can decide the case by relying on:

Options:

1. (a)The doctrine of de facto recognition✓
2. (b)The doctrine of de jure recognition
3. (c)The doctrine of rebus sic stantibus
4. (d)The doctrine of legality, effectiveness, and in marginal cases, recognition

1. In which of the following cases did the Court said that the distinction between de facto and de jure recognition is political rather than legal?

Options:

1. (a)The S.S. Christina case
2. (b)The Arantraju Mendi case✓
3. (c)The Tinaco Arbitration case
4. (d)Mighell v. Sultan of Jahore

6. Which of the following cases relates to retroactive nature of the act of recognition of government?

Options: (a) Aksionairnoye Obschestro A.M. Luthar v. James Sagor & Co.

1. (b)Trendtex Trading Corporation v. Central Bank of Nigeria
2. (c)Central Air Transport Corporation v. Central Air Transport Corporation✓
3. (d)Nicaragua v. USA

3. Which of the following cases supports constitute theory of recognition, namely, the act of recognition alone confers international personality on an entity purporting to be a state or clothes a new government with authority to enter into international relations?

Options: (a) The Arantzazu Mendi, (1939) ACP 256

1. (b)A.M. Luther v. James Sagor & Co., (1921) 3 KBP 532
2. (c)Tinoco Concessions, (1932) 1 UN Reports of International Arbitral Awards P 369
3. (d)None of the above✓

6. "Recognition operates retroactively not to invalidate the acts of a former government, but to validate the acts of a de facto government which has become the new de jure government," has been held by the court in the case of:

Options: (a) Civil Air Transport Inc. v. Central Air Transport Corporation

1. (b)A.M. Luther v. Sagor & Co.✓
2. (c)The Arantzazu Mendi
3. (d)Gdynia America Line v. Boguslawski

2. The main difference between De-facto and De-jure recognition is:

Options:

1. (a)1, 2 & 3✓
2. (b)2, 3 & 4
3. (c)2 & 3
4. (d)1 & 2

2. Which of the following cases does not concern the judgment that a non-recognised State cannot sue in the courts of a State which does not recognise it?

Options:

1. (a)Russian Socialist Federated Soviet Republic v. Cibraria
2. (b)Guarantee Trust Company of New York v. United States
3. (c)U.S. v. Pink
4. (d)Bank of Ethiopia v. National Bank of Egypt and Liquori✓

5. Which of the following statements is correct about a de-facto government?

Options:

1. (a)Its origin and existence is contrary to the constitutional law of the State concerned and legality is challenged in International Law.✓
2. (b)Its origin and existence is in conformity with the constitutional law and legality is uncontested in International Law.
3. (c)It exercises control over a Foreign State.
4. (d)It has been forced to leave its State's territory due to enemy occupation or civil war.

5. Match List-I with List-II and select the correct answer:

Options:

1. (a)1 2 3 4
2. (b)2 3 4 1
3. (c)1 2 4 3✓
4. (d)3 4 2 1

6. Stimson's Doctrine of Non-Recognition relates to:

Options:

1. (a)Duty of non-recognition of some territorial acquisitions brought about in accordance with international law
2. (b)Duty of non-recognition of some territorial acquisitions brought about in breach of international law
3. (c)Duty of non-recognition of all territorial acquisitions brought about in breach of international law✓
4. (d)Duty of non-recognition of all territorial acquisitions brought about according to international law

7. Legal effects of recognition are:

Recognized State can sue in municipal courts of recognizing State.

Recognized State can claim possession of property situated within jurisdiction of recognizing State formerly belonging to preceding government.

The recognized State becomes entitled to claim sovereign immunity from being impleaded in municipal courts of recognizing State.

The recognized State acquires capacity to enter into diplomatic relations and conclude treaties.

Options:

1. (a)1 only
2. (b)1 and 2 only
3. (c)1, 2 and 3 only
4. (d)1, 2, 3 and 4✓

3. Match the following:

Codes:

1. (a)4 1 2 3✓
2. (b)1 2 3 4
3. (c)4 3 2 1
4. (d)3 2 1 4

4. The Estrada Doctrine relates to:

Options: (a) Necessity of recognition

1. (b)Form of recognition
2. (c)No necessity of recognition✓
3. (d)Recognition is superficial

7. Assertion (A): Recognition of a state is not the same as recognition of its government.

Reason (R): Within existing states, governments change frequently and typically such changes don’t require fresh recognition.

Codes:

1. (a)Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A)✓
2. (b)Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A)
3. (c)(A) is true, but (R) is false
4. (d)(A) is false, but (R) is true

2. Who is not the exponent of the Constitutive Theory of 'Recognition'?

Options:

1. (a)Hegel
2. (b)Oppenheim
3. (c)Hall✓
4. (d)Anzilotti

3. Match List-I with List-II and give the correct answer by using the codes given below:

Code:

1. (a)2 4 1 3✓
2. (b)1 2 3 4
3. (c)3 4 2 1
4. (d)4 3 1 2

4. The Estrada Doctrine was propounded by whom?

1. (a)The Home Minister of Mexico
2. (b)The Foreign Minister of Mexico✓
3. (c)The External Secretary of U.S.A.
4. (d)The Prime Minister of U.K.

6. Match List-I with List-II and give the correct answer by using the codes given below:

Code:

1. (a)1 2 3 4
2. (b)3 4 2 1
3. (c)2 1 4 3
4. (d)4 3 1 2✓

5. Who has observed: "De Facto recognition is by nature provisional and may be made dependent upon conditions which the new entity has to comply. It differs from de jure recognition in that there is not yet a formal exchange of diplomatic representatives. De jure recognition is complete, implying full and normal diplomatic relations"?

1. (a)Lauterpacht
2. (b)Phillip C. Jessup
3. (c)Openhime
4. (d)Schwarzenberger✓

6. Assertion (A): When a state wants to delay de jure recognition of any state, it may, in the first stage, grant de facto recognition.

Reason (R): There is no distinction between 'de facto' and 'de jure' recognition for the purpose of giving effect to the internal acts of the recognized authority.

Codes:

1. (a)Both (A) and (R) are correct and (R) is the correct explanation of (A)
2. (b)Both (A) and (R) are correct but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A)✓
3. (c)(A) is correct (R) is wrong
4. (d)(A) is wrong (R) is correct

3. Which one of the following is not a case on the point that there is no distinction between 'De Facto' and 'De Jure' recognition for giving effect to internal acts?

1. (a)Bank of Ethiopia v National Bank of Egypt
2. (b)Luther v. Sagor
3. (c)Civil Air Transport Inc. v Central Air Transport Corp✓
4. (d)The Arantzazu Mendi Case

4. Which of the following statements is/are correct?

According to the constitutive theory of recognition, statehood or the authority of a new government exists prior to and independently of recognition.

De jure recognition is by nature provisional and may be made dependent on conditions.

The principle that there is no distinction between de facto and de jure recognition for the purpose of giving effect to the internal acts of the recognized authority was laid down in Luther v. Sagor.

De jure recognition is final and once given, cannot be withdrawn.

Codes:

1. (a)Only 2 is correct
2. (b)Only 1, 2 and 3 are correct
3. (c)Only 2, 3 and 4 are correct✓
4. (d)2, 3 and 4 all are correct

3. Who observed that the wide acceptance of declaratory theory is due to reaction against the traditional view of recognition as a purely political act and that there is a legal duty on states to recognize any community that has acquired the characteristics of statehood?

1. (a)L. Oppenheim
2. (b)Hans Kelsen
3. (c)Lauterpacht✓
4. (d)Anzilotti

4. Which of the following statement(s) is/are not correct?

There are four main theories of Recognition.

Anzilloti is an exponent of Declaratory Theory of Recognition.

Civil Air Transport Inc. v. Central Air Transport Corp. is a case on Retrospective Effects of Recognition.

Pitt Corbett is a Chief Exponent of Constitutive Theory of Recognition.

Codes:

1. (a)Only (1), (2) and (3) are not correct
2. (b)Only (2), (3) and (4) are not correct
3. (c)Only (1), (2) and (4) are not correct✓
4. (d)All (1), (2), (3) and (4) are not correct

5. Which of the following cases are not related to "recognition"?

Civil Air Transport Inc. v. Central Air Transport Corp.

The Azanian Mendi case

Barcelona Traction case

United States v. Schooner Exchange

Code:

1. (a)Only 4
2. (b)Only 1, 2 and 3
3. (c)3 and 4 both✓
4. (d)1, 2, 3 and 4 all

3. Who among the following viewed that there is a legal duty on the part of existing states to recognize any community that has in fact acquired the characteristics of statehood?

1. (a)Oppenheim
2. (b)Lauterpacht✓
3. (c)Philip C Jessup
4. (d)Anzilloti

3. Which one of the following is one of the chief exponents of 'Constitutive Theory' of Recognition?

1. (a)Pit Corbett
2. (b)Kelsen
3. (c)Hegel✓
4. (d)Hall

3. Match the items of List-I with List-II regarding India’s diplomatic recognitions and choose the correct answer:

A. India recognized China

B. India recognized Spain

C. India recognized Cambodia

D. India recognized Bangladesh

Options:

1st April, 1975

6th December, 1971

30th December, 1949

2nd May, 1956

Correct Code:

1. (a)1 2 3 4
2. (b)3 4 1 2✓
3. (c)2 3 4 1
4. (d)4 1 2 3

10. Who among the following groups of jurists are the chief exponents of the 'Declaratory Theory' of Recognition?

1. (a)Hall, Brierly, Fisher and Pitt Corbett✓
2. (b)Hegel, Anzilotti and Oppenheim
3. (c)Hart, Austin and Bentham
4. (d)Fenwick, Kelsen, Fuller and Schwarzenberger

3. Which of the following statement/statements is/are correct?

Hegel is one of the chief exponents of the ‘Constitutive Theory’ of recognition.

Civil Air Transport Incorporated Co. v. Central Air Transport Corporation is a leading case on the retrospective effect of recognition.

De jure recognition is not final and can be withdrawn.

In Luther v. Sagor, it was held that there is a distinction between de facto and de jure recognition for the purpose of giving effect to the internal acts of the recognized authority.

Options:

1. (a)Only 1 is correct
2. (b)1, 2 and 3 are correct
3. (c)1, 2 and 4 are correct✓
4. (d)1, 2, 3 and 4 are correct

9. In which of the following cases was it held that there is no distinction between de facto and de jure recognition for the purpose of giving effect to internal acts of the recognized authority?

1. (a)Luther v. Sagor✓
2. (b)US v. Pink
3. (c)Russian Socialist Federated Soviet Republic v. Cirbaria
4. (d)Guarantee Trust Co. of New York v. US

6. In which of the following cases was the rule about 'de facto' and 'de jure' recognition not applied?

1. (a)Bank of Ethiopia v. National Bank of Egypt
2. (b)Luther v. Sagor
3. (c)Bank of China v. Wells Fargo Bank & Union Trust✓
4. (d)The Arantzazu Mendi case

6. Which of the following statement(s) is/are correct?

(1) De Jure recognition is final, whereas De Facto recognition is provisional.

(2) De Facto recognition can be withdrawn, but De Jure is irrevocable.

(3) De Facto recognition has retrospective operation like De Jure recognition.

(4) No distinction exists between De Jure and De Facto recognition in giving effect to internal acts.

Choose the correct answer:

1. (a)(1), (2), (4) only✓
2. (b)(2), (3), (4) only
3. (c)(1), (2), (3) only
4. (d)(1), (2), (3), (4)

3. Which of the following statements is/are correct?

A. Recognition de jure is final and cannot be withdrawn.

B. Recognition de jure is not final.

C. De facto recognition may be withdrawn.

D. Withdrawal of recognition by a state occurs when the entity ceases to be a state.

E. Retroactive recognition of a new government does not invalidate acts of the previous de jure government.

Options:

1. (a)A, C and E only✓
2. (b)B, C, D and E only
3. (c)A, B, D and E only
4. (d)A, C, D and E only

1. Which of the following refers to "a clear and formal expression of recognition by a state through official communication or diplomatic statement"?

1. (a)Implicit recognition
2. (b)Collective recognition
3. (c)Explicit recognition✓
4. (d)Conditional recognition

12. Which among the following statements is generally understood to mean the essence of the Estrada Doctrine?

1. (a)Recognition of government is unnecessary once the state has been recognised✓
2. (b)Recognition of government is an imperative for recognition of state
3. (c)Recognition of government provides legality to a state
4. (d)State is a legal person under international law only if recognised by the United Nations

11. The Estrada Doctrine dealing with recognition of states and governments is primarily related to which country?

1. (a)Spain
2. (b)Mexico✓
3. (c)Germany
4. (d)China

3. The case for possession of Arantzazu Mendi before the House of Lords was between which of the following parties?

1. 1.De jure Government of the United Kingdom and de facto Government of Denmark
2. 2.De jure Government of Spain and de facto Nationalist Government of Spain✓
3. 3.De jure Government of France and de facto Nationalist Government of France
4. 4.De jure Government of Belgium and de facto Nationalist Government of Belgium

Which of the following doctrines is called as Doctrine of Non-recognition?

1. (a)Estrada Doctrine
2. (b)Hallestein Doctrine
3. (c)Franco Doctrine
4. (d)Stimson Doctrine✓

The Constitutive Theory of State recognition has been advocated by which of the following jurist?

1. (a)Oppenheim, Anzilotti and Holland✓
2. (b)Oppenheim, Anzilotti and Hall
3. (c)Anzilotti, Hall and Fisher
4. (d)Hall, Fisher and Brierly

Which of the following doctrine states that, "It is duty of a State to continue diplomatic relations with States without regard to revolutionary changes"?

1. (a)Tobar Doctrine
2. (b)Estrada Doctrine✓
3. (c)Stimson Doctrine
4. (d)Hallestein Doctrine

4. Which of the following cases relates to nationality of an individual as evidence of the link of an individual with the State?

Options:

1. (a)Nottebohm case (Liechtenstein v. Guatemala), ICJ Reports, 1955✓
2. (b)South West Africa, Advisory Opinion, ICJ Reports, 1971
3. (c)Reservations to the Genocide Convention case, ICJ Reports, 1951
4. (d)United States Diplomatic and Consular Staff in Tehran, ICJ Reports, 1980

4. In which case did the ICJ hold that for granting nationality, there is no obligation if the person has no genuine link with the state and applied 'Effective Nationality' principle?

1. (a)Re Lynch Case
2. (b)Stoeck v. The Public Trustee
3. (c)Nottebohm’s Case✓
4. (d)Paneyezys Soldutisk

4. In which of the following cases did Russel J. observe, "The question of what state a person belongs to must ultimately be decided by the Municipal law of the state to which he claims to belong or to which it is alleged that he belongs"?

1. (a)Winans v. Attorney General
2. (b)Nottebohm's Case✓
3. (c)Stoeck v. The Public Trustee
4. (d)Somerville v. Somerville

4. Which of the following statements is/are incorrect?

"Subjugation" is a mode of acquisition of nationality under International Law.

Stock v. The Public Trustee is a case related to double nationality.

Articles 3 to 6 of the Hague Convention of 1930 provide for double nationality of married women.

"Cession" is a mode of loss of nationality under International Law.

Codes:

1. (a)Only 2 incorrect
2. (b)1, 2 and 3 incorrect
3. (c)2, 3 and 4 incorrect✓
4. (d)1, 2, 3 and 4 all incorrect

4. Which of the following statements is/are correct?

In the Nottebohm case, the ICJ held no obligation exists for a state to recognize nationality unless there's a genuine connection.

In the Re Lynch case, it was held that a person without citizenship is stateless.

Nationality is the principal link between an individual and international law.

The Convention on the Reduction of Statelessness was adopted in 1959 by the General Assembly.

Code:

1. (a)Only 1 is correct
2. (b)1, 2 and 3 are correct
3. (c)2, 3 and 4 are correct
4. (d)1 and 3 both are correct✓

4. In which of the following case was it held that if a person is not a citizen of any state, he will be called ‘stateless’?

1. (a)Nottebohm's Case✓
2. (b)Whicker v. Hume
3. (c)Winans v. A.G.
4. (d)Stoeck v. The Public Trustee

5. Which of the following statement/statements is/are correct?

According to Article 16 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, everyone has the right to seek asylum.

In 1967, the United Nations Declaration on Territorial Asylum was unanimously adopted by the General Assembly.

The Convention on the Status of Refugees, 1951 came into force on 24 April 1956.

In the Asylum case (Colombia v. Peru), the ICJ explained the distinction between territorial and diplomatic asylum.

Options:

1. (a)Only 1
2. (b)1 and 2
3. (c)1 and 3✓
4. (d)1, 2, 3 and 4

1. Which of the following statement/statements are correct?

Convention of Nationality was adopted in 1928.

Convention of Nationality of married women was adopted in 1957.

Convention on the Reduction of Statelessness was adopted in 1961.

Convention of Nationality of newborn child was adopted in 1938.

Choose the most appropriate option:

1. (a)1 and 2
2. (b)2 and 3✓
3. (c)1 and 3
4. (d)2 and 4

7. Which of the following statements are NOT correct?

A. Hague Conference 1930 adopted a convention on Nationality conflict.

B. Nottebohm case related to 'statelessness'.

C. On 7th Nov 1967, UN adopted declaration against discrimination of women.

D. 1961 Convention on Reduction of Statelessness came into force on 13 Dec 1965.

E. Convention on Status of Stateless Persons was adopted on 6 June 1960.

Choose:

1. (a)A, C, E only
2. (b)B, D, E only✓
3. (c)B, C, D only
4. (d)A, B, C only

5. Which of the following statement(s) is/are correct?

(1) When a State is defeated or conquered, all its citizens acquire the nationality of the conquering State.

(2) When a person gets nationality of one State in place of another, it is called 'substitution'.

(3) The Public Trustee case is related to statelessness.

(4) The General Assembly convened a conference in 1961 on reduction of statelessness.

Choose the correct answer:

1. (a)(2) and (3) only✓
2. (b)(1), (2), (3) only
3. (c)(1), (3), (4) only
4. (d)(1), (2), (3), (4)

1. Nottebohm's case deals with Nationality by:

1. (a)Naturalisation✓
2. (b)Birth
3. (c)Resumption
4. (d)Subjugation

15. Which of the following is undefined in the International Convention on the "Protection of the Rights of all Migrant Workers and Members of their Family, 1990"?

1. (a)Migrant worker
2. (b)Unorganised worker✓
3. (c)Seasonal worker
4. (d)Frontier worker

8. Under Public International Law, the Nottebohm case is of great relevance in relation to which of the given options?

1. (a)Tortious liability
2. (b)Cyber crime across borders
3. (c)Drug trafficking and money laundering
4. (d)Nationality✓

9. Which of the following is a landmark case on the importance of 'nationality'?

1. (a)North Sea Continental Shelf Case
2. (b)Asylum Case
3. (c)S.S. Lotus Case
4. (d)Nottebohm Case✓

2. Which provision of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, 1948 provides that

"everyone has the right to a nationality"?

1. 1.Article 10
2. 2.Article 15✓
3. 3.Article 7
4. 4.Article 21

In the context of refugees, which of the following options provide the analogous Article of the EU Charter of Fundamental Rights corresponding to Article 3 of the ECHR?

1. (a)Article 3
2. (b)Article 4✓
3. (c)Article 5
4. (d)Article 6

Match the LIST-I with LIST-II LIST-I (Particulars) LIST-II (Year)

A. Entry into force of the UN Convention on the Status of Refugees I. 1967

B. Entry into force of the Protocol to the UN Convention on the Status of Refugees II. 1954

C. Second time when the UN High Commissioner for Refugees won the Nobel Peace Prize III. 1981

D. Formation of the UN Commission on Refugees IV. 1950

Choose the correct answer from the options given below

1. (a)A-I, B-II, C-IV, D-III
2. (b)A-IV, B-III, C-II, D-I
3. (c)A-II, B-III, C-IV, D-I
4. (d)A-II, B-I, C-III, D-IV✓

6. Match the following:

Options:

1. (a)A-2, B-3, C-4, D-1✓
2. (b)A-3, B-4, C-2, D-1
3. (c)A-4, B-3, C-1, D-2
4. (d)A-4, B-3, C-2, D-1

A. Haya De La Torre is associated with the concept of Asylum in international law.

B. Haile Selassie is connected with Recognition issues in diplomacy.

C. War to End All Wars refers to the creation of the League of Nations post-World War I.

D. Opinion of Qualified Publicists is a recognized source of international law under Article 38 of the I.C.J. Statute.

1. The theme of the 60th Anniversary celebrations of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, 1948 is:

1. (a)Human Rights for all
2. (b)All Human Rights for all
3. (c)Justice and dignity for all✓
4. (d)Human Rights for Human dignity

Assertion (A): Under International law, extradition is mostly a matter of bilateral treaties.

Reason (R): There is no general duty of States in respect of extradition of criminals.

Options:

1. (a)Both (A) and (R) are individually true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A)
2. (b)Both (A) and (R) are individually true, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A)✓
3. (c)(A) is true, but (R) is false
4. (d)(A) is false, but (R) is true

5. Assertion (A): By the term 'Asylum' we generally mean the shelter and active protection extended to a political refugee by a state on their request.

Reason (R): Everyone has a right to seek and enjoy in other countries, an asylum from persecution.

Codes:

1. (a)Both (A) and (R) are correct and (R) is the correct explanation of (A)✓
2. (b)Both (A) and (R) are correct but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A)
3. (c)(A) is correct but (R) is wrong
4. (d)(A) is wrong but (R) is correct

4. In which of the following cases did the Supreme Court clarify the distinction between 'expulsion' and 'extradition' following international norms?

1. (a)Mobarak Ali Ahmad v. State of Bombay
2. (b)Hans Muller of Nurenburg v. Supdt, Presidency Jail, Calcutta and Others✓
3. (c)Dharma Teja's case
4. (d)Ram Babu Saxena v. State

5. Which of the following statements is/are correct?

By asylum we mean shelter and active protection extended to a political refugee from another state which admits him on his request.

Under Article 14 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, the right to asylum is recognized.

The International Court of Justice explained the distinction between territorial and extraterritorial asylum in the Asylum Case (Colombia v. Peru).

In 1966, the United Nations Declaration on Territorial Asylum was unanimously adopted by the General Assembly.

Codes:

1. (a)Only (1) is correct
2. (b)Only (1), (2) and (3) are correct✓
3. (c)Only (3) and (4) are correct
4. (d)(1), (2), (3) and (4) all are correct

5. The European Convention on Extradition entered into force on:

1. (a)13th December, 1957✓
2. (b)18th April, 1957
3. (c)18th April, 1964
4. (d)13th December, 1964

6. On 28th March, 1945, a convention on Territorial Asylum was adopted at:

1. (a)Geneva
2. (b)Caracas✓
3. (c)Paris
4. (d)Tokyo

6. Which of the following statements is/are not correct?

United Nations Declaration of Territorial Asylum was unanimously adopted in 1977.

Article 14 of the 1948 Universal Declaration of Human Rights makes it obligatory for states to grant asylum.

The ICJ explained the distinction between 'territorial asylum' and 'diplomatic asylum' in Colombia v. Peru.

The Convention on the Status of Refugees, 1951 entered into force on April 22, 1954.

Code:

1. (a)Only 1 is not correct
2. (b)1 and 4 are not correct
3. (c)1, 2 and 3 are not correct✓
4. (d)1, 2, 3 and 4 all are not correct

4. Which of the following statements is/are correct?

European Convention on Extradition was adopted at Paris on 13th December 1964.

The practice of non-extradition for political crimes began with the French Revolution of 1789.

On 16th June, 1987, the Foreign Secretaries of South Asian countries entered into an extradition agreement.

Facto v Laubenheimer is a leading case on non-extradition for political crimes.

Options:

1. (a)Only 2
2. (b)2 and 3✓
3. (c)2, 3 and 4
4. (d)1, 2, 3 and 4

2. Mention the following decisions in a chronological order on Extradition:

Mubarak Ali Ahmed v. State of Bombay

Hans Muller of Nuremberg v. Suptt. Presidency Jail Calcutta and Others

Ram Babu Saxena v. State

State of Madras v. C.G. Menon

Choose the correct option:

1. (a)4, 3, 1, 2
2. (b)3, 4, 2, 1✓
3. (c)2, 1, 4, 3
4. (d)4, 3, 2, 1

4. Which of the following statements is incorrect regarding Asylum?

A. Article 14 of UDHR grants a right to asylum from persecution

B. Asylum also includes transfer of person wanted by an arrest warrant to the prosecution country

C. Granting of Asylum per se excludes any possibility of extradition

D. Extradition and Asylum are mutually exclusive

Choose the correct answer:

1. (a)A, B and C only
2. (b)A and D only
3. (c)B, C and D only✓
4. (d)A, C and D only

1. Which of the following decisions are related to extradition?

A. Savarkar case

B. Abu Salem case

C. Castioni, re case

D. Meunier, re case

E. Paquete Habana case

1. (a)A, B, C only
2. (b)B, C, D, E only
3. (c)A, B, C, D only✓
4. (d)A, B, D, E only

5. Under which of its provisions does the Draft Convention on Territorial Asylum adopted by the General Assembly of the United Nations in 1974, recognize that the grant of asylum is a sovereign right of a State?

1. 1.Article 1✓
2. 2.Article 2
3. 3.Article 3
4. 4.Article 5

6. Arrange the following cases relating to extradition in their chronological order:

A. Soering V/s United Kingdom

B. Chitat V/s Canada

C. United States V/s Rauscher

D. Daya Singh Lahoria V/s Union of India

E. Kindler V/s Canada

Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

1. 1.C, A, E, B, D✓
2. 2.B, D, C, E, A
3. 3.A, B, C, D, E
4. 4.E, C, D, A, B

The Supreme Court of India remarked that "Extradition with foreign states is, except in exceptional cases, governed by treaties or arrangements made" in the case of

1. (a)State of Maharashtra v. Shobha Vitthal Kolte
2. (b)T. Vellaiyan v. The Registrar, SHRC, Chennai
3. (c)State of Madras v. C.G. Menon✓
4. (d)N. C. Dhoundial v. Union of India

4. The Domestic Jurisdiction Clause is found in Article ------ of the U.N. Charter:

1. (a)Article 2(3)
2. (b)Article 2(7)✓
3. (c)Article 2(4)
4. (d)Article 2(6)

5. Assertion (A): To promote and encourage respect for human rights is one of the purposes of the United Nations.

Reason (R): The Charter of the United Nations conceptualizes, substantiates, and spells out human rights which are to be promoted by the member states.

Codes:

1. (a)Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A)✓
2. (b)Both (A) and (R) are true but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A)
3. (c)(A) is true, but (R) is false
4. (d)(A) is false, but (R) is true

3. Arrange the following international instruments in the order in which they were adopted:

The Charter of United Nations

Universal Declaration of Human Rights

International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights

International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination

Codes:

1. (a)1, 4, 2, 3
2. (b)2, 4, 1, 3
3. (c)1, 2, 4, 3✓
4. (d)1, 3, 4, 2

4. U.N. Commission on Human Rights has been discarded and replaced by:

Options: (a) Economic, Social and Cultural Rights Committee

1. (b)Amnesty International
2. (c)Human Rights Committee
3. (d)Human Rights Council✓

5. The Charter of the United Nations came into force on:

Options: (a) 26 June, 1945

1. (b)10 December, 1945
2. (c)24 October, 1945✓
3. (d)1 November, 1945

6. A member of the United Nations which has persistently violated the principles contained in the Charter may be expelled from the United Nations by the:

Options: (a) Security Council

1. (b)General Assembly
2. (c)General Assembly upon the recommendation of the Security Council✓
3. (d)Security Council upon the recommendation of the General Assembly

7. The Judges of the International Court of Justice are elected by the:

Options: (a) General Assembly

1. (b)Security Council
2. (c)General Assembly upon recommendation of the Security Council
3. (d)General Assembly and the Security Council independently of one another✓

5. Which one of the following is not a permanent member of the U.N. Security Council?

Options: (a) U.K.

1. (b)U.S.A.
2. (c)Japan✓
3. (d)China

5. The non-permanent members of the Security Council of United Nations are elected for a term of:

Options:

1. (a)Three years
2. (b)Five years
3. (c)One year
4. (d)Two years✓

3. A member of the United Nations can be suspended from the exercise of rights and privileges of membership by the:

Options:

1. (a)General Assembly
2. (b)Security Council
3. (c)General Assembly on the recommendations of the Security Council✓
4. (d)Secretary-General on the recommendations of the Security Council

5. Assertion (A): Human Rights occupy a significant place in the UN Charter.

Reason (R): Members of the UN have committed themselves to promote respect for and observance of human rights and fundamental freedoms.

Options:

1. (a)Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A)
2. (b)Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A)✓
3. (c)(A) is correct but (R) is false
4. (d)(A) is false but (R) is correct

6. Under which Article of the U.N. Charter is there an obligation to inform the Security Council if regional arrangements take any enforcement action for maintenance of peace and security?

Options:

1. (a)Article 51
2. (b)Article 54✓
3. (c)Article 107
4. (d)Article 108

Assertion (A): The United Nations cannot perform peacekeeping or peacemaking operations.

Reason (R): The United Nations has no army, navy or air force of its own.

Options:

1. (a)Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A)
2. (b)Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A)
3. (c)(A) is true, but (R) is false
4. (d)(A) is false, but (R) is true✓

2. The permanent members of the Security Council have special privilege in the voting procedure such that decisions on non-procedural matters require affirmative votes of nine members including concurring votes of the permanent members. This statement is attributed to which provision of the UN Charter?

Options:

1. (a)Article 27, Para 3✓
2. (b)Article 27, Para 2
3. (c)Article 26
4. (d)Article 28

4. Read Assertion (A) and Reason (R) and with the help of codes given below write the correct answer.

Assertion (A): Arbitration is the process of resolving disputes between States by means of an arbitral tribunal appointed by the parties.

Reason (R): Disputes are arbitrary.

Options:

1. (a)Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A)
2. (b)Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A)
3. (c)(A) is true, but (R) is false✓
4. (d)(A) is false, but (R) is true

7. Which Article of the UN Charter obliges members to inform the Security Council if regional arrangements take enforcement action?

Options:

1. (a)Article 51
2. (b)Article 54✓
3. (c)Article 107
4. (d)Article 108

4. The Charter of the United Nations can be amended by:

Options:

1. (a)Five-third of the members of General Assembly
2. (b)The Security Council only
3. (c)Two-third of the members of the UN including all permanent members of the Security Council after recommendations by a two-thirds vote of a conference convened for the purpose✓
4. (d)Two-thirds of the members of the Security Council including five permanent members

6. Which organ of the United Nations has been given the responsibility of promoting international co-operation in the realization of human rights?

Options:

1. (a)General Assembly
2. (b)Security Council
3. (c)Both of the above✓
4. (d)None of the above

1. Match List-I with List-II and select the correct answer:

Codes: (a) 2 1 3 4

1. (b)1 3 4 5
2. (c)1 3 5 4✓
3. (d)3 2 5 1

5. Which of the following functions are performed by the Economic and Social Council?

Options:

Initiates studies on international economic, social, cultural, educational, health, and related matters

Makes recommendations to promote respect for and observance of human rights

Makes recommendations to promote friendly relations among member states

Prepares draft conventions for submission to the General Assembly on subjects within its competence

Codes: (a) 1, 2, 3, 4

1. (b)1, 3, 4
2. (c)1, 2, 4
3. (d)2, 3, 4

5. The fundamental principle of the United Nations is:

Options: (a) Some sovereigns are more equal than others

1. (b)Member nations have rights but no obligations
2. (c)All members shall settle their international disputes by peaceful means✓
3. (d)All members shall settle their national disputes by peaceful means

5. Provision, "that the U.N.O. has no competence to intervene in matters which are essentially within the domestic jurisdiction of any State," has been provided under which Article of U.N. Charter?

1. (a)Article 1(7)
2. (b)Article 2(7)✓
3. (c)Article 7(2)
4. (d)Article 98(7)

4. Match List-I with List-II and select the correct answer using the codes given below:

Code:

1. (a)1 2 3 4
2. (b)2 3 4 1
3. (c)2 3 1 4✓
4. (d)4 1 2 3

6. Which is the only principal organ of the UNO consisting of all the members of the United Nations?

1. (a)Security Council
2. (b)General Assembly✓
3. (c)The Economic and Social Council
4. (d)Trusteeship Council

7. Match List-I with List-II and give the correct answer:

Code:

1. (a)1 3 2 4✓
2. (b)4 3 2 1
3. (c)3 2 4 1
4. (d)2 1 3 4

8. Which of the following is not an official language of the United Nations?

1. (a)Russian
2. (b)Japanese✓
3. (c)Spanish
4. (d)Arabic

7. Consider the following:

Does a recommendation under Article 42 of the UN Charter become an obligation for member states?

If the Security Council decides to act, no further declaration is sought from the General Assembly.

When the Security Council decides enforcement measures, it determines the role of each member.

All or some members may be requested to participate, but every member is obliged to assist.

Legal requirements for military action are still incomplete after Council acts.

Which are correct?

1. (a)1, 2 and 4
2. (b)1, 3 and 4
3. (c)1, 2 and 3✓
4. (d)3, 4 and 1

8. Match List-I with List-II and choose the correct code:

Codes:

1. (a)2 3 4 1
2. (b)1 2 3 4
3. (c)3 1 2 4
4. (d)4 2 1 3✓

5. The principle of self-determination has been incorporated in the Charter of United Nations under:

1. (a)Article 2(7)
2. (b)Article 5
3. (c)Article 6
4. (d)Article 1(b), 55 and 56✓

6. Which of the following statements is/are not correct in reference to the Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC)?

ECOSOC consists of 54 members elected by the General Assembly.

Half of its members are elected each year for a term of two years.

India is one of the members of the Council.

The President of ECOSOC is elected for a two-year term.

Codes:

1. (a)Only (4) is not correct
2. (b)Only (2) and (4) are not correct✓
3. (c)Only (1), (2) and (3) are not correct
4. (d)(1), (2), (3) and (4) all are not correct

5. Under which Article of the Charter of the United Nations may the General Assembly establish such subsidiary organs as it deems necessary for the performance of its functions?

1. (a)Article 20
2. (b)Article 21
3. (c)Article 24
4. (d)Article 22✓

6. Which of the following statement(s) is/are correct?

The first Security Council came into being on 12th January, 1948.

It comprises of 15 members (5 permanent and 10 non-permanent).

The resolutions of the Security Council are binding upon its members.

Ten non-permanent members are elected by the General Assembly for a term of 2 years.

Codes:

1. (a)Only (2) is correct
2. (b)Only (1) and (2) are correct
3. (c)Only (2), (3) and (4) are correct✓
4. (d)All (1), (2), (3) and (4) are correct

7. Which of the following statement/statements is/are correct?

The General Assembly consists of all the members of the United Nations.

The Economic and Social Council works as a subordinate organ of the General Assembly.

The General Assembly is a World Legislative body. It can legislate in regard to most political matters.

Decisions on important questions are made by consensus of the members present and voting in the General Assembly.

Codes:

1. (a)Only (1) is correct✓
2. (b)Only (2), (3) and (4) are correct
3. (c)Only (1) and (3) are correct
4. (d)(1), (2), (3), and (4) all are correct

4. Which of the following statements is/are correct?

The Charter of the United Nations came into force on October 24, 1945.

The purposes of the United Nations are enshrined in Article 2 of the Charter.

The seventh and the last principle of the United Nations states that nothing contained in the present Charter shall authorize the UN to intervene in matters essentially within domestic jurisdiction of any state.

The provision relating to suspension of a member finds mention in Article 3 of the Charter.

Codes:

1. (a)Only 1 and 2 are correct
2. (b)1 and 3 are correct
3. (c)1, 2, and 3 are correct✓
4. (d)1, 2, 3, and 4 are correct

5. Read Assertion (A) and Reason (R) and choose the correct answer:

Assertion (A): The General Assembly is one of the principal organs of the United Nations consisting of all its members.

Reason (R): The resolutions or declarations of the General Assembly are not binding upon states but are recommendations.

Codes:

1. (a)Both (A) and (R) are correct, and (R) is the correct explanation of (A)
2. (b)Both (A) and (R) are correct, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A)✓
3. (c)(A) is correct, and (R) is wrong
4. (d)(A) is wrong, but (R) is correct

7. Which of the following pair/pairs is/are not correctly matched?

Composition of Security Council – Article 23

Composition of Economic and Social Council – Article 61

Composition of General Assembly – Article 86

Composition of Trusteeship Council – Article 28

Codes:

1. (a)Only 4
2. (b)3 and 4 both✓
3. (c)1, 2 and 3
4. (d)1, 2, 3 and 4 all

6. Which of the following statements is/are correct?

The most important purpose of the United Nations is to maintain international peace and security.

The principles of the United Nations are provided under Article 2 of the U.N. Charter.

Section 6 of the U.N. Charter provides for withdrawal provisions of a Member State from the United Nations.

There are five (5) Principal organs of the United Nations.

Code:

1. (a)Only 1 is correct
2. (b)1, 2 and 3 are correct✓
3. (c)1, 2, 3 and 4 all are correct
4. (d)Only 1 and 2 are correct

7. Which of the following statements is/are correct?

The General Assembly consists of all members of the United Nations. Each member may have up to five representatives.

China, Russia, USA, UK, and France are the permanent members of the Security Council.

Members of the Economic and Social Council are elected by the Security Council; one-third are elected every year for a five-year term.

All members of the United Nations are ipso facto parties to the Statute of the International Court of Justice.

Code:

1. (a)1, 2 and 4 are correct✓
2. (b)1, 2 and 3 are correct
3. (c)2, 3 and 4 are correct
4. (d)1, 2, 3 and 4 all are correct

4. Which of the following statement/statements is/are not correct?

In accordance with Article 7 of the United Nations Charter, the Security Council is one of the Principal organs of the United Nations.

The First Security Council came into being on 12th January, 1946.

At Dumbarton proposals, it was finally decided to establish such an organ in the form of the Security Council.

Ten non-permanent members of the Security Council are elected by the General Assembly for 5 years.

Code:

1. (a)Only 3 is not correct
2. (b)3 and 4 are not correct✓
3. (c)1, 2, and 3 are not correct
4. (d)1, 2, 3, and 4 are not correct

7. Read Assertion (A) and Reason (R) and answer using the code below:

Assertion (A): Article 10 of the UN Charter confers upon the General Assembly very wide deliberative functions except in respect of those matters which are being considered by the Security Council.

Reason (R): The Resolutions or Declarations of the General Assembly are not binding upon the states. They are merely recommendations.

Code:

1. (a)Both (A) and (R) are correct and (R) is the correct explanation of (A)
2. (b)Both (A) and (R) are correct but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A)✓
3. (c)(A) is correct but (R) is wrong
4. (d)(A) is wrong but (R) is correct

8. Which of the following statement/statements is/are correct?

All members of the United Nations are ipso facto members of the Statute of the International Court of Justice.

The International Court of Justice consists of 25 judges elected by the General Assembly.

The Judges of the International Court of Justice are elected for a term of 5 years.

All decisions of the International Court of Justice are taken by a majority of judges.

Code:

1. (a)Only 1 is correct
2. (b)1 and 2 are correct
3. (c)1 and 4 are correct✓
4. (d)1, 2, 3, and 4 are all correct

5. According to which Article of the UN Charter is the affirmative vote of nine members (including permanent members) necessary for important matters in the Security Council?

1. (a)Article 25
2. (b)Article 43
3. (c)Article 51
4. (d)Article 27✓

6. Match the following items from List-I with List-II and choose the correct answer:

List-I (Provision)

A. Composition of the Economic and Social Council

B. Composition of the Trusteeship Council

C. Expulsion of a member from the United Nations

D. Suspension of members of the United Nations

List-II (Article)

Article 75 of the UN Charter

Article 6 of the UN Charter

Article 5 of the UN Charter

Article 61 of the UN Charter

Options:

1. (a)4 1 2 3✓
2. (b)1 2 3 4
3. (c)3 4 1 2
4. (d)4 3 2 1

9. Under which Article of the United Nations Charter may the General Assembly establish such subsidiary organs as it deems necessary for the performance of its functions?

1. (a)Article 21
2. (b)Article 20
3. (c)Article 23
4. (d)Article 22✓

6. Match List-I with List-II and select the correct code.

Options:

1. (a)A-1, B-2, C-3, D-4
2. (b)A-3, B-1, C-4, D-2
3. (c)A-4, B-2, C-3, D-1
4. (d)A-4, B-3, C-1, D-2✓

2. Assertion-Reason type:

Assertion (A): According to Article 7 of the UN Charter, the ICJ is one of the principal organs of the UN.

Reason (R): The ICJ consists of 15 Judges elected by the Security Council.

Choose:

1. (a)Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A
2. (b)Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A
3. (c)A is true but R is false✓
4. (d)A is false but R is true

9. The responsibility of ECOSOC regarding human rights is laid down under which article?

1. (a)Article 62(2)
2. (b)Article 68✓
3. (c)Article 76(c)
4. (d)Article 96

12. Which of the following statements are correct?

A The International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD) is also called the World Bank.

B The International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD) is also called the International Monetary Fund.

C The Dunkel Draft Act embodies the results of the Tokyo Round.

D The WTO provides for a Secretariat headed by a Director General.

E The WTO provides for a Secretariat headed by a Secretary General.

Choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below:

1. (a)A, C and E only
2. (b)A and E only
3. (c)A, C and D only
4. (d)A and D only✓

17. Which of the following statements are correct?

A The Preamble of the UN Charter begins with the words: "We the peoples of the United Nations"

B The Preamble of the UN Charter begins with the words: "We the people of the United Nations"

C Maintenance of international peace and security is the primary responsibility of the Security Council

D Maintenance of international peace and security is the primary responsibility of the General Assembly

E Maintenance of international peace and security is the primary responsibility of the International Court of Justice

Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

1. (a)B and C
2. (b)A and C✓
3. (c)A and D
4. (d)B and E

4. The General Assembly of the United Nations passed the Uniting for Peace Resolution on:

1. (a)December 10, 1948
2. (b)August 1, 1950
3. (c)August 31, 1965
4. (d)November 3, 1950✓

5. How many independent judges compose the International Court of Justice (ICJ)?

1. (a)25
2. (b)20
3. (c)30
4. (d)15✓

1. Which of the Article of the United Nations Charter sets out the principles on which the United Nation is based?

1. (a)Article 1
2. (b)Article 2✓
3. (c)Article 52
4. (d)Article 10

2. What is the official language of International Court of Justice (ICJ)?

1. (a)English only
2. (b)French only
3. (c)Both Spanish and English
4. (d)Both French and English✓

10. Match List-I with List-II

List-I (Article of the UN Charter)

A. Article 1.1

B. Article 1.2

C. Article 1.3

D. Article 1.4

List-II (Purposes of the UN)

(1) To develop friendly relations among nations

(2) To achieve international cooperation in solving international problems

(3) To maintain peace and security

(4) To be a centre for harmonising the actions of nations in the attainment of common ends

Options:

1. (1)(A)-(3), (B)-(1), (C)-(2), (D)-(4)✓
2. (2)(A)-(4), (B)-(2), (C)-(3), (D)-(1)
3. (3)(A)-(3), (B)-(1), (C)-(4), (D)-(2)
4. (4)(A)-(1), (B)-(4), (C)-(3), (D)-(2)

11. Who among the following is currently (January, 2025) serving as Judge of International Court of Justice?

1. (a)D. Y Chandrachud
2. (b)Ruchira Kamboj
3. (c)Dalveer Bhandari✓
4. (d)Harish Salve

2. Which of the following UN organizations addresses global justice concerns?

1. (a)Trusteeship Council
2. (b)General Assembly
3. (c)International Court of Justice✓
4. (d)Security Council

8. On which date did the United Nations Organisation officially come into existence?

1. (a)20th October 1945
2. (b)24th October 1945✓
3. (c)10th December 1948
4. (d)10th December 1945

Which of the following is not the principal organ of the United Nations?

1. (a)General Assembly
2. (b)Economic and Social Council
3. (c)International Court of Justice
4. (d)International Human Rights Commission✓

Arrange the following International Organization in ascending order of their establishment

A. International Tele-Communication Union

B. World Intellectual Property Organization

C. International Finance Corporation

D. International Bank for Reconstruction and Development

E. Food and Agricultural Organization

Choose the correct answer from the options given below

1. (a)D, A, B, C, E
2. (b)E, D, A, C, B
3. (c)A, E, D, B, C✓
4. (d)B, C, E, D, B

Consider the following statement relating to power of General Assembly under the United Nations charter

A. The resolution or declaration of the General Assembly are not binding upon the States

B. Under Article 2(7) of the United Nations Charter, the General Assembly may intervene in matters which are essentially within domestic jurisdiction of States

C. The General Assembly may make recommendation for promoting international cooperation in the political field

D. The General Assembly may make recommendation for progressive development of International Law and its classification

E. The General Assembly may recommend to promote International cooperation in the economic, social, cultural, education and health field etc

Choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below

1. (a)A, B and C only
2. (b)B, C and D only
3. (c)A, C, D and E only✓
4. (d)A, C and D only