Unit IX · Topic 4Copyright and neighboring rights – Subject matters, limitations and exceptions, infringement and remedies – Previous Year Questions

28 previous year questions on Copyright and neighboring rights – Subject matters, limitations and exceptions, infringement and remedies from UGC NET Law papers (2019–2026), including 3 match-the-list questions. The correct option is marked in green.

Questions

28 questions

June 2019 · Q83

Super Cassettes Industries Ltd. v. Myspace Inc. 2011 is a leading case on the copyright Act, 1957 dealing with which section of the Act?

  1. (a)Section 14
  2. (b)Section 22
  3. (c)Section 30
  4. (d)Section 51✓
Answer & explanation

Answer: (d) Section 51

December 2019 · Q52Match the lists

Match the following sections of the Copyright Act 1957 with provisions given there under

A. Section 2 (O) 2(O)

1. Performer Right

B. Section 38 38

2. Meaning of Literary work

C. Section 37 37

3. Meaning of sound recording

D. Section 2 (XX) 2(XX)

4. Broadcast reproduction right

Choose the correct option

A B C D

  1. (a)2 1 4 3✓
  2. (b)4 2 3 1
  3. (c)2 3 1 4
  4. (d)1 4 3 2
Answer & explanation

Answer: (a) 2 1 4 3

December 2019 · Q53

The provision under Copyright Act is given as under

1. Section 52 B deals with provision relating to accounts and audit

2. Section 53 A deals with resale share rights in original copies

3. Section 52 deals with importation of infringing copies

4. Section 53 deals with certain acts not to be infringement of copyright

Choose the correct option

  1. (a)1 and 3
  2. (b)2 and 4
  3. (c)1 and 4
  4. (d)1 and 2✓
Answer & explanation

Answer: (d) 1 and 2

June 2020 · Q1

In which of the following cases, the 'minimal creativity test' was laid down?

A. Eastern Book Company v. D.B. Modak

B. R.G. Anand V. Delux films/Deej. peer

C. Amar Nath Sehgal V. Union of India

D. University of London Press V. University Tutorial Press

Choose the correct answer from the options given below

  1. (a)A Only✓
  2. (b)B Only
  3. (c)C Only
  4. (d)D Only
Answer & explanation

Answer: (a) A Only

June 2020 · Q10Match the lists

Match List I with List II

I -II

List I/I List II/II Provisions Sections of Copyright Act, 1957 , 1957

A. Performer I. Section 2 (q) 2

B. Performer's right II. Section 38 B 38

C. Performance III. Section 38 38

D. Moral Rights of IV. Section 2 (qq) Performer 2

Choose the correct answer from the options given below

  1. (a)A- I; B - III; C - IV; D - II
  2. (b)A - II; B - I; C - IV; D - III
  3. (c)A - III, B - I; C - II; D - IV
  4. (d)A - IV; B - III; C – I; D - II✓
Answer & explanation

Answer: (d) A - IV; B - III; C – I; D - II

June 2023 · Q9

Resale share right in original copies under Section 53 A of the Copyright Act, 1957 is not applicable to

  1. (a)Original copy of painting
  2. (b)Original copy of sculpture
  3. (c)Original manuscript of a literary or dramatic work
  4. (d)Cinematograph film✓
Answer & explanation

Answer: (d) Cinematograph film

June 2023 · Q45Match the lists

Match List I with List II

I II

List I/I List II/II (a) Eastern Book Co. I. Idea Expression

v. D. B. Modak Dichotomy (2006, SC) . . (2006, ) (b) Bayer Corp v. II. Minimum of Union of India creativity Test (c) R.G. Anand v. III. Prior user Test Deluxe Films (1978 SC)/peer. (1978, (d) N. R. Dongre v. IV. Compulsory Whirlpool Corpn. license of patents (1996 SC)

Choose the correct answer from the options given below

  1. (a)A-I, B-II, C-III, D-IV
  2. (b)A-II, B-IV, C-I, D-III✓
  3. (c)A-IV, B-I, C-II, D-III
  4. (d)A-III, B-I, C-II, D-IV
Answer & explanation

Answer: (b) A-II, B-IV, C-I, D-III

June 2023 · Q50

The owner of the Copyright of the sound recording has which one of following right, under Sec 14 (e) of the Copyright Act, 1957

  1. (a)to encrypt the sound recording
  2. (b)to make any adaptation of the sound recording
  3. (c)to communicate the sound recoding to the public✓
  4. (d)to make any translation of the work recorded in the sound recording
Answer & explanation

Answer: (c) to communicate the sound recoding to the public

June 2023 · Q79

Asha, a journalist employed, writes a story in the newspaper. Deepak makes a film based on the story. Raghu and Rekha plays the lead role in the film. The dance in the film is choreographed by Ajay

A. Asha is the author of literary work

B. Proprietor of the newspaper has copyright on the story, in the absence of a contract regarding copyright

C. Proprietor of the newspaper has only the Publication rights

D. Raghu and Rekha have performer's right

E. Ajay is the author of musical work

Choose the correct answer from the options given below

  1. (a)A, D and E only
  2. (b)A, C and D only✓
  3. (c)B and D only
  4. (d)A, C, D and E only
Answer & explanation

Answer: (b) A, C and D only

June 2023 · Q82Sequence / order

Arrange the expiry of the term of copyright in an ascending order in following cases

A. A writes a book on 1. 10. 2000 and dies on

B. A book is written by an anonymous author and published on 1.10.2000. The identity of the author is disclosed on 2.11.2000, Author dies on 3.12.2000

C. A government work is published on 3.12.2000

D. Author dies on 3.12.2002 and his work published on 2.1.2003

E. A cinematograph film was published on 5.1- 1999

Choose the correct answer from the options given below

  1. (a)E, D, C, B, A
  2. (b)E, C, B, A, D
  3. (c)E, A, B, D, C
  4. (d)E, C, A, B, D✓
Answer & explanation

Answer: (d) E, C, A, B, D

December 2023 · Q124

"Moral Right" is a concept prevailing in

  1. (a)Industrial Design
  2. (b)Geographical Indication
  3. (c)Trademark
  4. (d)Copyright✓
Answer & explanation

Answer: (d) Copyright

December 2024 · Q111

Which of the following is not a 'fair dealing' under the Copyright Act?

  1. (a)Private use
  2. (b)Research purpose
  3. (c)Reporting current affairs
  4. (d)Commercial use✓
Answer & explanation

Answer: (d) Commercial use

Passage for December 2024 Q141–Q145

Comprehension

Read the following passage and answer the questions below

Under copyright laws of different jurisdictions world-over, software is considered a literary work, written down, recorded or otherwise reduced to mathematical form, and entails protection. Copyright protects the expression (form) of an idea and not the idea itself. It also cannot be used to protect the procedure, process, system, method of operation, concept, principle or discovery. Copyright law is not supposed to create monopolies. Copyright subsists in original works that are capable of being reproduced from a fixed medium. It is granted for movies, musical compositions, paintings and for many other creative expressions. Article 10(1) of the Agreement on Trade Related Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS) provides copyright protection to computer programmes. The copyright is a bundle of rights, which entitles the owner of the copyright to take action against its violation. It is, thus, a negative right that enables the author to prevent any other person from dealing with the copyrighted material. Copyright subsists in a computer programme provided sufficient effort or skill has been expended to give it a new and original character. But a computer programme which only produces the multiplication tables or the alphabets, cannot lay claim to copyright protection, because the amount of skill or efforts to bring our such a work is too trivial to term it new and of original character

December 2024 · Q141

How do copyright laws of different jurisdictions consider software?

  1. (a)It is considered a literary work✓
  2. (b)It is considered an artistic work
  3. (c)It is considered a non-copyrightable work
  4. (d)It is considered a monopoly work
Answer & explanation

Answer: (a) It is considered a literary work

December 2024 · Q142

Can copyright subsist in a computer programme?

  1. (a)No, since computer programmes are only readable by machines
  2. (b)No, since all computer programmes have nothing original about it
  3. (c)Yes, since all computer programmes are works of art
  4. (d)Yes, of sufficient efforts or skill has been expended to give it a new and original character✓
Answer & explanation

Answer: (d) Yes, of sufficient efforts or skill has been expended to give it a new and original character

December 2024 · Q143

Which provision of the Agreement on Trade Related Intellectual Property Rights provides copy right protection to computer programmes?

  1. (a)Article 1(1)
  2. (b)Article 2(10)
  3. (c)Article 10(1)✓
  4. (d)Article 10(10)
Answer & explanation

Answer: (c) Article 10(1)

December 2024 · Q144

Can a computer programme be granted copyright if it produces only the multiplication tables?

  1. (a)Yes, because a multiplication table is a work of art
  2. (b)Yes, because there is creatively involved in it
  3. (c)No, because the skill or effort to bring out such works is too trivial to term it new and of original character✓
  4. (d)No, because it is just a discovery and not an invention
Answer & explanation

Answer: (c) No, because the skill or effort to bring out such works is too trivial to term it new and of original character

December 2024 · Q145

Where does Copyright subsist in?

  1. (a)Copyright subsists in original works incapable of being reproduced
  2. (b)Copyright subsists in non-original works capable of being reproduced
  3. (c)Copyright subsist in original works capable of being reproduced✓
  4. (d)Copyright subsists in all works irrespective of their capacity to be reproduced
Answer & explanation

Answer: (c) Copyright subsist in original works capable of being reproduced

Passage for June 2025 Q96–Q100

Read the following passage and answer the questions

Moral rights first became part of the international system with their inclusion in the Berne Convention, which was established during the 1928 revision conference in Rome. The text has been subject to amendment only twice in 1948, at the Brussels revision conference of the Berne Convention, and again, at the landmark Stockholm conference of 1967. It is telling that the amendments did not introduce substantial change into the provisions, unless it was to reduce their scope. Their focus, rather was on clarifying limitations on moral rights which previous generations of negotiators may well have taken for granted as built into the system

June 2025 · Q96

Which international legal instrument incorporates the provision for protection of moral rights?

  1. (a)Stockholm Convention
  2. (b)Brussels Convention
  3. (c)Berne Convention✓
  4. (d)Rome Convention
Answer & explanation

Answer: (c) Berne Convention

Explanation: Moral rights became part of international law through the Berne Convention during its 1928 revision.

June 2025 · Q97

Which of the following brought clarification on limitation on moral rights?

  1. (a)Rome Conference
  2. (b)Brussels Revision Conference alone
  3. (c)Both Brussels Revision Conference and Stockholm Conference✓
  4. (d)Stockholm Conference alone
Answer & explanation

Answer: (c) Both Brussels Revision Conference and Stockholm Conference

Explanation: These conferences clarified limitations but did not substantially amend the original moral rights text.

June 2025 · Q98

In which year were 'moral rights' first introduced into the international system?

  1. (a)1967
  2. (b)1928✓
  3. (c)1886
  4. (d)1948
Answer & explanation

Answer: (b) 1928

Explanation: Moral rights were first introduced in 1928 at the Rome Conference under the Berne Convention.

June 2025 · Q99

What is not correct about Rome Revision Conference, 1928?

  1. (a)It incorporated moral rights into Berne Convention
  2. (b)The text on moral rights introduced by 1928 Revision has never undergone any amendments✓
  3. (c)The focus on Stockholm conference was not to nullify the moral rights introduced by Rome Conference
  4. (d)The Brussels Revision Conference brought first amendment to the text of moral rights inserted by Rome Conference
Answer & explanation

Answer: (b) The text on moral rights introduced by 1928 Revision has never undergone any amendments

Explanation: The text on moral rights introduced by 1928 Revision has undergone amendments.

June 2025 · Q100

Which is true about moral rights?

  1. (a)The 1948 and 1967 amendments enlarged the scope of moral rights
  2. (b)The Brussels revision conference and the Stockholm conference clarified limitations on moral rights✓
  3. (c)The Brussels and Stockholm amendments brought substantial changes in the realm of moral rights
  4. (d)The original Berne convention text itself carried provisions on moral rights
Answer & explanation

Answer: (b) The Brussels revision conference and the Stockholm conference clarified limitations on moral rights

Explanation: Both conferences provided clarification on limitations without significantly altering the original scope.

31 Dec 2025 (Shift 1) · Q116

Which of the following is NOT a subject matter of copyright as per Section 13 of the Copyright Act, 1957 ?

  1. (a)Cinematographic films
  2. (b)Dramatic work
  3. (c)Performance of performers✓
  4. (d)Sound recording
Answer & explanation

Answer: (c) Performance of performers

Passage for June 2026 Q146–Q150

Comprehension (for Q.146–150)

Until 2015, if you sang “Happy Birthday to you” to your child, you were a copyright infringer, at least that’s what Warner/Chappell Music Inc. would have had you believe. The music publishing company had been charging filmmakers and restaurants for the use of the song in movie scenes and birthday parties for decades. In his situation comedy Sports-Night, writer and producer Aaron Sorkin wrote an entire episode about one of the character getting a fictional television network in big legal trouble for singing “Happy Birthday to you” to another on the air. It turns out that song was in the “Public domain”, namely that collection of works and expressions that exist beyond the reach of copyright ownership and thus serve as a cultural “common” for all of humanity to use and reuse. No one had ever checked on the matter before about 2010. People just took Warner/Chappell word that the company owned the copyright to the song. It had been earning up to 2 million per year from royalties on the song. In 2010 law professor Robert Brauneis published the results of an extensive investigation of the copyright status of the song and found that, among other technical problems with copyright claim, the song on copyright expired in 1982. As a result of the research by Brauneis, Warner/Chappell faces a lawsuit in an attempt to recover millions of dollars that people have paid to the company for permission to use the song. In 2015 a U.S. Federal court ruled that the song is in public domain, with the court ruling an important part of our culture has been restored to the commons. (250 words)

June 2026 · Q146

The term of Copyright in published musical work under the Copyright Act, 1957 is?

  1. (a)Copyright shall subsist until 60 years from the date of release of song
  2. (b)Copyright shall subsist until 25 years from the date of release of song
  3. (c)Copyright shall subsist until 60 years from the beginning of the calendar years next following the year in which author dies✓
  4. (d)Copyright shall subsist until 25 years from the beginning of the calendar years next following the year in which author dies
Answer & explanation

Answer: (c)

Explanation: Under Section 22 of the Copyright Act, 1957, copyright in any published literary, dramatic, musical, or artistic work subsists during the lifetime of the author and continues until 60 years from the beginning of the calendar year next following the year in which the author dies.

June 2026 · Q147

What is the "Public Domain" in the context of copyright?

  1. (a)Works that are owned by the public
  2. (b)Works that are free to use without attribution
  3. (c)Works for which copyright has expired or been waived✓
  4. (d)Works that are published on the internet
Answer & explanation

Answer: (c) Works for which copyright has expired or been waived

Explanation: As highlighted in the passage, the Public Domain consists of creative works that are not protected by intellectual property laws. Works enter the public domain when their copyright term expires, when the rights holder expressly waives ownership, or when the work never qualified for copyright protection in the first place.

June 2026 · Q148

Which one of the following act constitutes infringement of the copyright?

  1. (a)The reading or recitation in public from a published literary or dramatic work for commercial purpose✓
  2. (b)The reproduction of any work for the purpose of a judicial proceedings or for the purpose of a report of a judicial proceedings
  3. (c)The reproduction of any work by a teacher or a pupil in the course of instruction
  4. (d)The making of a three dimensional object from a two-dimensional artistic work, for a purpose of industrial application
Answer & explanation

Answer: (a) The reading or recitation in public from a published literary or dramatic work for commercial purpose

Explanation: • Option (a) is an INFRINGEMENT: Under Section 52 of the Copyright Act, 1957, public reading or recitation is exempted only if it is non-commercial. Performing or reciting a work publicly for commercial profit without authorization constitutes copyright infringement.

• Options (b), (c), and (d) are NOT infringements: These fall strictly within the statutory exceptions ("Fair Dealing") under Section 52:

o Section 52(1)(d): Judicial proceedings exception. o Section 52(1)(i): Educational instruction exception. o Section 52(1)(w): Industrial application exception for 3D objects made from 2D drawings.

June 2026 · Q149

In cases of offences of infringement of copyright the jurisdiction to try the offence vests with

  1. (a)Commercial courts
  2. (b)District Magistrate
  3. (c)Metropolitan Magistrate of the Second Class
  4. (d)Metropolitan Magistrate of the First Class✓
Answer & explanation

Answer: (d) Metropolitan Magistrate of the First Class

Explanation: Under Section 70 of the Copyright Act, 1957 (Offences by whom triable), no court inferior to that of a Metropolitan Magistrate or a Judicial Magistrate of the First Class has the jurisdiction to try any criminal offence under the Act.

June 2026 · Q150

(The owner in case of Musical Work is

  1. (a)The producer of the musical work
  2. (b)The composer of the musical work✓
  3. (c)The singer of the musical work
  4. (d)The lyricist of the musical work
Answer & explanation

Answer: (b) The composer of the musical work

Explanation: Under Section 2(d)(ii) of the Copyright Act, 1957, the "author" (and initial first owner under Section 17) in relation to a musical work is defined specifically as the composer. Information Booster Entity / Category Statutory Reference Legal Definition / Rule Term of Copyright Section 22, Copyright Author's Life + 60 Years (calculated from Jan 1 of following Act, 1957 year). Musical Work Section 2(d)(ii), Composer (the person creating the music, regardless of Author Copyright Act, 1957 lyrics). Fair Dealing Section 52, Copyright Excludes non-commercial education, judicial proceedings, Exemptions Act, 1957 and private study from infringement. Criminal Section 70, Copyright Minimum trial forum: Judicial Magistrate First Class / Jurisdiction Act, 1957 Metropolitan Magistrate.

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