Unit IX · UGC NET Law PYQIntellectual Property Rights and Information Technology Law

106 previous year questions, arranged topic by topic. The correct option is marked in green.

Topic 1Concept and meaning of intellectual property

12 questions · Open this topic on its own page

June 2020 · Q31Assertion–Reason

Given below are two statements on eis labelled as Assertion A and the other is labelled as

Reason R

Assertion A : Once a performer consents to the incorporation of his performance in a cinematograph film by a written agreement he/she will not object to the enjoyment of the performer's right by the producer in the same film

Reason R: The performer is entitled to royalties in case the producer of the film makes use of the performance for commercial use

In linght of the above statements, choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below

  1. (a)Both A and R are correct and R is the correct explanation of A
  2. (b)Both A and R are correct but R is NOT the correct explanation of A✓
  3. (c)A is correct but R is not correct
  4. (d)A is not correct but R is correct
Answer & explanation

Answer: (b) Both A and R are correct but R is NOT the correct explanation of A

Dec 2021/June 2022 · Q79Sequence / order

Arrange the following in chronological order starting from earlier to later years of enectment

(A) The Trade Marks Act

(B) The Patents Act

(C) The Design Act

(D) The copyright Act

(E) The Protection of Plant Varieties and Farmers Rights Act

Choose the correct answer from the option given below

  1. (a)A, B, C, D, E
  2. (b)B, D, A, E, C
  3. (c)D, B, A, C, E✓
  4. (d)A, B, C, E, D
Answer & explanation

Answer: (c) D, B, A, C, E

Dec 2021/June 2022 · Q80

Trade secrets do not cover the following information

  1. (a)Commercially valuable
  2. (b)Production methods
  3. (c)Business plans
  4. (d)Information Discovered by reverse engineering✓
Answer & explanation

Answer: (d) Information Discovered by reverse engineering

June 2023 · Q62

Which one of the following is incorrect?

  1. (a)Patents are granted to encourage inventions
  2. (b)Protection and enforcement of patents contribute to technological innovation
  3. (c)Patented invention shall be available at reasonable affordable price
  4. (d)The invention shall be published before applying for patent✓
Answer & explanation

Answer: (d) The invention shall be published before applying for patent

December 2023 · Q64

In respect of which of the following items India does not have legislations to specifically cover them as Intellectual property

(A) Traditional Knowledge

(B) Street Art

(C) Publicity Right

(D) Celebrity Right

(E) Computer Programme

Choose the correct answer from the options given below

  1. (a)(B), (D) and (E) Only
  2. (b)(C), (D) and (E) Only
  3. (c)(A), (B), (C) and (D) Only✓
  4. (d)(B), (C), (D) and (E) Only
Answer & explanation

Answer: (c) (A), (B), (C) and (D) Only

December 2023 · Q77

With respect to which of the following kind of IPR, there exists a statutory ban for assignment?

  1. (a)Patents
  2. (b)Trademarks
  3. (c)Geographical Indication✓
  4. (d)Layout Designs of Integrated Circuits
Answer & explanation

Answer: (c) Geographical Indication

December 2023 · Q97Assertion–Reason

Given below are two statements: One is labelled as Assertion (A) and the other is labelled as

Reason (R)

Assertion (A): Trade Secrets Act, 2020 is a legislation enacted in India to provide for confidential informations and trade secrets

Reason (R): India has enacted a number of legislations to create legal framework on intellectual property rights (IPRs) In the light of the above statements, choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below

  1. (a)Both (A) and (R) are correct and (R) is the correct explanation of (A)
  2. (b)Both (A) and (R) are correct but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A)
  3. (c)(A) is correct but (R) is not correct
  4. (d)(A) is not correct but (R) is correct✓
Answer & explanation

Answer: (d) (A) is not correct but (R) is correct

December 2023 · Q134Match the lists

Match List - I with List - II

List- I UN days relating to IPR and Biological diversity

List- IП Days

(A) World Intellectual Property day (1) April 23

(B) World Book and Copyright day (II) May 22

(C) International Day for Biological diversity (III) April 21

(D) World Creativity and Innovation day (IV) April 26

Choose the correct answer from the options given below

  1. (a)(A)-(IV), (B)-(II), (C)-(1), (D)-(III)
  2. (b)(A)-(IV), (B)-(I), (C)-(II), (D)-(III)✓
  3. (c)(A)-(I), (B)-(I), (C)-(III), (D)-(IV)
  4. (d)(A)-(III), (B)-(I), (C)-(IV), (D)-(II)
Answer & explanation

Answer: (b) (A)-(IV), (B)-(I), (C)-(II), (D)-(III)

December 2024 · Q140Match the lists

Match List - I with List - II

List - I (Relief under IPR suits)

(A) Anton Piller Order

(B) Mareva Injunction

(C) John Doe Order

(D) Dynamic Injunction

List - II (Concept)

(1) Legal action against unknown parties (II) Right to search premises and seize evidence without prior warning (III) Injunction order against all mirror websites (IV) Freezing of defendant's assets

Choose the correct answer from the options given below

  1. (a)(A)-(I), (B)-(III), (C)-(IV), (D)-(II)
  2. (b)(A)-(III), (B)-(II), (C)-(1), (D)-(IV)
  3. (c)(A)-(II), (B)-(IV), (C)-(I), (D)-(III)✓
  4. (d)(A)-(IV), (B)-(II), (C)-(I), (D)-(III)
Answer & explanation

Answer: (c) (A)-(II), (B)-(IV), (C)-(I), (D)-(III)

June 2025 · Q24Match the lists

Match the following types of IPR with their concepts

List-I (Type of IPR)

A. Geographical Indication

B. Trademark

C. Patent

D. Copyright

List-II (Concept)

1. Post-grant opposition

2. Protection of Right Management Information (RMI)

3. Prohibition of assignment

4. Honest concurrent use

  1. (a)A-I, B-IV, C-III, D-II
  2. (b)A-III, B-IV, C-I, D-II✓
  3. (c)A-I, B-II, C-IV, D-I
  4. (d)A-II, B-IV, C-I, D-III
Answer & explanation

Answer: (b) A-III, B-IV, C-I, D-II

Explanation: • Geographical Indication includes prohibition of assignment in certain jurisdictions

• Trademark may involve honest concurrent use.

• Patent law involves post-grant opposition.

• Copyright includes protection of Right Management Information.

31 Dec 2025 (Shift 1) · Q114Assertion–Reason

Given below are two statements: one is labelled as Assertion A and the other is labelled as Reason R

Assertion A: While TRIPS Agreement goes on to outline certain standards of protection for Geographical Indications (GIs), it does not prescribe a particular form of protection so long as these standards are met

Reason R: Viewed in the historical context, it is unsurprising that while TRIPS reflects the relatively stable referent for trademarks, for GIs the definition is more fluid. In the light of the above statements, choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below

  1. (a)Both A and R are correct and R is the correct explanation of A✓
  2. (b)Both A and R are correct but R is NOT the correct explanation of A
  3. (c)A is correct but R is not correct
  4. (d)A is not correct but R is correct
Answer & explanation

Answer: (a) Both A and R are correct and R is the correct explanation of A

June 2026 · Q85Sequence / order

Arrange the following Intellectual Property Laws in Chronological order

A. The Trade Marks Act

B. The Geographical Indication of Goods (Registration and Protection) Act

C. The Patent Act

D. The Biological Diversity Act

Choose the correct answer from the options given below

  1. (a)B, C, A, D
  2. (b)C, A, D, B
  3. (c)A, C, D, B
  4. (d)C, A, B, D✓
Answer & explanation

Answer: (d) C, A, B, D

Explanation: Arranging the given enactments in ascending chronological order based on the year of their enactment:

• C. The Patents Act: Enacted in 1970 (Act No. 39 of 1970)

• A. The Trade Marks Act: Enacted in 1999 (Act No. 47 of 1999)

• B. The Geographical Indications of Goods (Registration and Protection) Act: Enacted in 1999 (Act No. 48 of 1999, passed following the Trade Marks Act)

• D. The Biological Diversity Act: Enacted in 2002 (Act No. 18 of 2003)

Topic 2Theories of intellectual property

7 questions · Open this topic on its own page

June 2019 · Q81

"If one's artistic expressions are synonymous with one's personality, then they are deserving of protection just as much as the physical person." The above observation is true about which theory of intellectual property?

  1. (a)Moral desert theory
  2. (b)Personality theory✓
  3. (c)Utilitarian theory
  4. (d)Libertian theory
Answer & explanation

Answer: (b) Personality theory

June 2020 · Q27Sequence / order

Arrange the theories of intellectual property in order of prominence and influence

A. Personality theory

B. Social Planning theory

C. Labour Theory

D. Utilitarian Theory

Choose the correct answer from the options given below

  1. (a)A, D, C, B
  2. (b)B, A, C, D
  3. (c)C, B, D, A
  4. (d)D, C, A, B✓
Answer & explanation

Answer: (d) D, C, A, B

Dec 2020/June 2021 · Q96Sequence / order

Prof. William Fisher identified four analytical constructs of theories of intellectual property under which of the following sequence?

(1) Personality Theory

(2) Labour Theory

(3) Social Planning Theory

(4) Utilitarian Theory

Choose the correct answer from the options given below

  1. (a)(2), (1), (4), (3)
  2. (b)(3), (2), (1), (4)
  3. (c)(4), (2), (1), (3)✓
  4. (d)(1), (4), (3), (2)
Answer & explanation

Answer: (c) (4), (2), (1), (3)

December 2024 · Q58

Which theory in IPR is based on the value that the law should not reward creators whose intellectual works harm life, health, liberty or society generally?

  1. (a)Moral Right Theory
  2. (b)Human Right Theory
  3. (c)Creative Destruction Theory
  4. (d)Moral Desert Theory✓
Answer & explanation

Answer: (d) Moral Desert Theory

December 2024 · Q64Match the lists

Match List - I with List - II

List - I (IPR Theory)

(A) Personhood Theory

(B) Natural Right Theory

(C) Incentive Theory

(D) Creative Destruction Theory

(1)

List - II (Proponents/Jurists/Writers) John Locke (II) Joseph Schumpeter (III) Immanuel Kant (IV) William Nordhuas

Choose the correct answer from the options given below

  1. (a)(A)-(III), (B)-(II), (C)-(I), (D)-(IV)
  2. (b)(A)-(III), (B)-(II), (C)-(IV), (D)-(1)
  3. (c)(A)-(I), (B)-(IV), (C)-(III), (D)-(II)
  4. (d)(A)-(III), (B)-(I), (C)-(IV), (D)-(II)✓
Answer & explanation

Answer: (d) (A)-(III), (B)-(I), (C)-(IV), (D)-(II)

June 2025 · Q84

Which of the following theory/theories is/are not closely connected to Intellectual Property Rights (IPR)?

A. Economic Theory

B. Autopoietic Legal Theory

C. Social Planning Theory

D. Instrumentalist Theory

E. Social Contract Theory

  1. (a)C and D only
  2. (b)A and E only
  3. (c)B only✓
  4. (d)D only
Answer & explanation

Answer: (c) B only

Explanation: Autopoietic legal theory is a systems-based theory not directly linked to IPR. Others like economic and instrumentalist theories directly support the justification of IPR frameworks.

31 Dec 2025 (Shift 1) · Q111

Which of the following case illustrates the patent bargain metaphor which is an application of social contract theory?

  1. (a)Universal Oil Products V/s Globe Oil & Refining Co✓
  2. (b)Georgia V/s Public Resource Org. Inc
  3. (c)Fogerty V/s Fantasy Inc
  4. (d)Fourth Estate Public Benefit Corpn. V/s Wall-street.Com., LLC
Answer & explanation

Answer: (a) Universal Oil Products V/s Globe Oil & Refining Co

Topic 3International conventions pertaining to intellectual properties

9 questions · Open this topic on its own page

June 2019 · Q82

The preamble to agreement on Trade Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS) lays down

1. public policy objectives of national system

2. special needs of the least developed countries

3. resolving IP disputes through multilateral procedures

4. establishing mutually supportive relationship between WTO and WIPO

Which of following is/are true?

  1. (a)Only 1 is true
  2. (b)Only 1 and 2 are true
  3. (c)Only 1, 2 and 3 are true
  4. (d)1, 2, 3 and 4 are true✓
Answer & explanation

Answer: (d) 1, 2, 3 and 4 are true

Dec 2020/June 2021 · Q63

Nothing in TRIPS agreement, 1995 shall derogate from the existing obligations prescribed under

TRIPS , 1995

(1) Paris Convention, 1967

(2) Rome Convention,1961

(3) Berne Convention, 1971

(4) Biodiversity Convention, 1989

(5) Integrated Circuit Treaty, 1989

Choose the correct answer from the options given below

  1. (a)(1), (2), (3), (4) only
  2. (b)(2), (3), (4), (5) only
  3. (c)(1), (2), (3), (5) only✓
  4. (d)(5), (4), (3), (1) only
Answer & explanation

Answer: (c) (1), (2), (3), (5) only

June 2023 · Q22

The Berne Convention, 1886 deals with

  1. (a)Copyright Law✓
  2. (b)Trade Mark Law
  3. (c)Designs Law
  4. (d)Geographical Indications Law (peer. . )
Answer & explanation

Answer: (a) Copyright Law

December 2023 · Q63

Which of the following international legal instrument is relating to patent?

  1. (a)Budapest Treaty, 1977✓
  2. (b)Madrid Agreement, 1891
  3. (c)Berne Convention, 1886
  4. (d)Washington Treaty, 1989
Answer & explanation

Answer: (a) Budapest Treaty, 1977

December 2024 · Q54

Which of the following international treaty deal with access to published works for visually impaired and print disabled people?

  1. (a)Marrakesh Treaty✓
  2. (b)Beijing Treaty
  3. (c)Rome Treaty
  4. (d)Geneva Treaty
Answer & explanation

Answer: (a) Marrakesh Treaty

31 Dec 2025 (Shift 1) · Q53Match the lists

Match the LIST-I with LIST-II LIST-I (WIPO administered IPR Treaties) LIST-II (Year of Adoption)

A. Patent Law Treaty I. 2024

B. Riyadh Design Law Treaty II. 2000

C. WIPO Copyright Treaty III. 1981

D. Nairobi Treaty IV. 1996

Choose the correct answer from the options given below

  1. (a)A-II, B-I, C-IV, D-III✓
  2. (b)A-I, B-II, C-III, D-IV
  3. (c)A-IV, B-I, C-II, D-III
  4. (d)A-II, B-IV, C-I, D-III
Answer & explanation

Answer: (a) A-II, B-I, C-IV, D-III

31 Dec 2025 (Shift 1) · Q85Sequence / order

Arrange the following IPR Treaties in the chronological order of their adoption (ascending order)

A. Beijing Treaty on Audio-Visual Performances

B. Singapore Treaty on Law of Trademarks

C. Madrid Agreement (Marks)

D. Madrid Protocol (Marks)

Choose the correct answer from the options given below

  1. (a)A, B, D, C
  2. (b)C, D, B, A✓
  3. (c)C, B, D, A
  4. (d)B, C, D, A
Answer & explanation

Answer: (b) C, D, B, A

June 2026 · Q66Sequence / order

Arrange the following Treaties/Convention in Chronological Order

A. Trade Mark Law Treaty

B. Brussels (Satellite) Convention

C. Budapest Treaty

D. Rome Convention

Choose the correct answer from the options given below

  1. (a)A, B, C, D
  2. (b)B, C, D, A
  3. (c)B, A, D, C
  4. (d)D, B, C, A✓
Answer & explanation

Answer: (d) D, B, C, A

Explanation: To arrange these Intellectual Property treaties and conventions in ascending chronological order of their adoption:

• D. Rome Convention: Adopted on October 26, 1961 (International Convention for the Protection of Performers, Producers of Phonograms and Broadcasting Organizations).

• B. Brussels (Satellite) Convention: Adopted on May 21, 1974 (Convention Relating to the Distribution of Programme-Carrying Signals Transmitted by Satellite).

• C. Budapest Treaty: Adopted on April 28, 1977 (Budapest Treaty on the International Recognition of the Deposit of Microorganisms for the Purposes of Patent Procedure).

• A. Trademark Law Treaty (TLT): Adopted on October 27, 1994 (harmonizing administrative trademark procedures across WIPO member states).

June 2026 · Q133

The main focus of Marrakesh (VIP) Treaty for Copyright are following

A. Providing access to published works for visually impaired person

B. India was the first country to ratify the treaty

C. The treaty does not have provision to permit cross border sharing of these accessible format works

D. It sets a norm for countries ratifying the treaty to have a domestic copyright exception

Choose the correct answer from the options given below

  1. (a)A, B, C and D only
  2. (b)A, C and D only
  3. (c)A and B only
  4. (d)A, B and D only✓
Answer & explanation

Answer: (d) A, B and D only

Explanation: • Statement A - CORRECT:

The main goal of the Marrakesh Treaty (2013) is to facilitate access to published works for persons who are blind, visually impaired, or otherwise print-disabled.

• Statement B - CORRECT:

India was the very first country to ratify the Marrakesh Treaty on June 24, 2014.

• Statement C - INCORRECT:

A fundamental and landmark feature of the Marrakesh Treaty is that it does permit and facilitate the cross-border exchange of accessible format works (such as Braille, audiobooks, or large-print books) between contracting parties. Statement C falsely asserts that it lacks this provision.

• Statement D - CORRECT:

The treaty mandates contracting parties to set up standard domestic copyright exceptions allowing authorized entities to produce and distribute accessible formats without infringing copyright.

Topic 4Copyright and neighboring rights – Subject matters, limitations and exceptions, infringement and remedies

28 questions · Open this topic on its own page

June 2019 · Q83

Super Cassettes Industries Ltd. v. Myspace Inc. 2011 is a leading case on the copyright Act, 1957 dealing with which section of the Act?

  1. (a)Section 14
  2. (b)Section 22
  3. (c)Section 30
  4. (d)Section 51✓
Answer & explanation

Answer: (d) Section 51

December 2019 · Q52Match the lists

Match the following sections of the Copyright Act 1957 with provisions given there under

A. Section 2 (O) 2(O)

1. Performer Right

B. Section 38 38

2. Meaning of Literary work

C. Section 37 37

3. Meaning of sound recording

D. Section 2 (XX) 2(XX)

4. Broadcast reproduction right

Choose the correct option

A B C D

  1. (a)2 1 4 3✓
  2. (b)4 2 3 1
  3. (c)2 3 1 4
  4. (d)1 4 3 2
Answer & explanation

Answer: (a) 2 1 4 3

December 2019 · Q53

The provision under Copyright Act is given as under

1. Section 52 B deals with provision relating to accounts and audit

2. Section 53 A deals with resale share rights in original copies

3. Section 52 deals with importation of infringing copies

4. Section 53 deals with certain acts not to be infringement of copyright

Choose the correct option

  1. (a)1 and 3
  2. (b)2 and 4
  3. (c)1 and 4
  4. (d)1 and 2✓
Answer & explanation

Answer: (d) 1 and 2

June 2020 · Q1

In which of the following cases, the 'minimal creativity test' was laid down?

A. Eastern Book Company v. D.B. Modak

B. R.G. Anand V. Delux films/Deej. peer

C. Amar Nath Sehgal V. Union of India

D. University of London Press V. University Tutorial Press

Choose the correct answer from the options given below

  1. (a)A Only✓
  2. (b)B Only
  3. (c)C Only
  4. (d)D Only
Answer & explanation

Answer: (a) A Only

June 2020 · Q10Match the lists

Match List I with List II

I -II

List I/I List II/II Provisions Sections of Copyright Act, 1957 , 1957

A. Performer I. Section 2 (q) 2

B. Performer's right II. Section 38 B 38

C. Performance III. Section 38 38

D. Moral Rights of IV. Section 2 (qq) Performer 2

Choose the correct answer from the options given below

  1. (a)A- I; B - III; C - IV; D - II
  2. (b)A - II; B - I; C - IV; D - III
  3. (c)A - III, B - I; C - II; D - IV
  4. (d)A - IV; B - III; C – I; D - II✓
Answer & explanation

Answer: (d) A - IV; B - III; C – I; D - II

June 2023 · Q9

Resale share right in original copies under Section 53 A of the Copyright Act, 1957 is not applicable to

  1. (a)Original copy of painting
  2. (b)Original copy of sculpture
  3. (c)Original manuscript of a literary or dramatic work
  4. (d)Cinematograph film✓
Answer & explanation

Answer: (d) Cinematograph film

June 2023 · Q45Match the lists

Match List I with List II

I II

List I/I List II/II (a) Eastern Book Co. I. Idea Expression

v. D. B. Modak Dichotomy (2006, SC) . . (2006, ) (b) Bayer Corp v. II. Minimum of Union of India creativity Test (c) R.G. Anand v. III. Prior user Test Deluxe Films (1978 SC)/peer. (1978, (d) N. R. Dongre v. IV. Compulsory Whirlpool Corpn. license of patents (1996 SC)

Choose the correct answer from the options given below

  1. (a)A-I, B-II, C-III, D-IV
  2. (b)A-II, B-IV, C-I, D-III✓
  3. (c)A-IV, B-I, C-II, D-III
  4. (d)A-III, B-I, C-II, D-IV
Answer & explanation

Answer: (b) A-II, B-IV, C-I, D-III

June 2023 · Q50

The owner of the Copyright of the sound recording has which one of following right, under Sec 14 (e) of the Copyright Act, 1957

  1. (a)to encrypt the sound recording
  2. (b)to make any adaptation of the sound recording
  3. (c)to communicate the sound recoding to the public✓
  4. (d)to make any translation of the work recorded in the sound recording
Answer & explanation

Answer: (c) to communicate the sound recoding to the public

June 2023 · Q79

Asha, a journalist employed, writes a story in the newspaper. Deepak makes a film based on the story. Raghu and Rekha plays the lead role in the film. The dance in the film is choreographed by Ajay

A. Asha is the author of literary work

B. Proprietor of the newspaper has copyright on the story, in the absence of a contract regarding copyright

C. Proprietor of the newspaper has only the Publication rights

D. Raghu and Rekha have performer's right

E. Ajay is the author of musical work

Choose the correct answer from the options given below

  1. (a)A, D and E only
  2. (b)A, C and D only✓
  3. (c)B and D only
  4. (d)A, C, D and E only
Answer & explanation

Answer: (b) A, C and D only

June 2023 · Q82Sequence / order

Arrange the expiry of the term of copyright in an ascending order in following cases

A. A writes a book on 1. 10. 2000 and dies on

B. A book is written by an anonymous author and published on 1.10.2000. The identity of the author is disclosed on 2.11.2000, Author dies on 3.12.2000

C. A government work is published on 3.12.2000

D. Author dies on 3.12.2002 and his work published on 2.1.2003

E. A cinematograph film was published on 5.1- 1999

Choose the correct answer from the options given below

  1. (a)E, D, C, B, A
  2. (b)E, C, B, A, D
  3. (c)E, A, B, D, C
  4. (d)E, C, A, B, D✓
Answer & explanation

Answer: (d) E, C, A, B, D

December 2023 · Q124

"Moral Right" is a concept prevailing in

  1. (a)Industrial Design
  2. (b)Geographical Indication
  3. (c)Trademark
  4. (d)Copyright✓
Answer & explanation

Answer: (d) Copyright

December 2024 · Q111

Which of the following is not a 'fair dealing' under the Copyright Act?

  1. (a)Private use
  2. (b)Research purpose
  3. (c)Reporting current affairs
  4. (d)Commercial use✓
Answer & explanation

Answer: (d) Commercial use

Passage for December 2024 Q141–Q145

Comprehension

Read the following passage and answer the questions below

Under copyright laws of different jurisdictions world-over, software is considered a literary work, written down, recorded or otherwise reduced to mathematical form, and entails protection. Copyright protects the expression (form) of an idea and not the idea itself. It also cannot be used to protect the procedure, process, system, method of operation, concept, principle or discovery. Copyright law is not supposed to create monopolies. Copyright subsists in original works that are capable of being reproduced from a fixed medium. It is granted for movies, musical compositions, paintings and for many other creative expressions. Article 10(1) of the Agreement on Trade Related Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS) provides copyright protection to computer programmes. The copyright is a bundle of rights, which entitles the owner of the copyright to take action against its violation. It is, thus, a negative right that enables the author to prevent any other person from dealing with the copyrighted material. Copyright subsists in a computer programme provided sufficient effort or skill has been expended to give it a new and original character. But a computer programme which only produces the multiplication tables or the alphabets, cannot lay claim to copyright protection, because the amount of skill or efforts to bring our such a work is too trivial to term it new and of original character

December 2024 · Q141

How do copyright laws of different jurisdictions consider software?

  1. (a)It is considered a literary work✓
  2. (b)It is considered an artistic work
  3. (c)It is considered a non-copyrightable work
  4. (d)It is considered a monopoly work
Answer & explanation

Answer: (a) It is considered a literary work

December 2024 · Q142

Can copyright subsist in a computer programme?

  1. (a)No, since computer programmes are only readable by machines
  2. (b)No, since all computer programmes have nothing original about it
  3. (c)Yes, since all computer programmes are works of art
  4. (d)Yes, of sufficient efforts or skill has been expended to give it a new and original character✓
Answer & explanation

Answer: (d) Yes, of sufficient efforts or skill has been expended to give it a new and original character

December 2024 · Q143

Which provision of the Agreement on Trade Related Intellectual Property Rights provides copy right protection to computer programmes?

  1. (a)Article 1(1)
  2. (b)Article 2(10)
  3. (c)Article 10(1)✓
  4. (d)Article 10(10)
Answer & explanation

Answer: (c) Article 10(1)

December 2024 · Q144

Can a computer programme be granted copyright if it produces only the multiplication tables?

  1. (a)Yes, because a multiplication table is a work of art
  2. (b)Yes, because there is creatively involved in it
  3. (c)No, because the skill or effort to bring out such works is too trivial to term it new and of original character✓
  4. (d)No, because it is just a discovery and not an invention
Answer & explanation

Answer: (c) No, because the skill or effort to bring out such works is too trivial to term it new and of original character

December 2024 · Q145

Where does Copyright subsist in?

  1. (a)Copyright subsists in original works incapable of being reproduced
  2. (b)Copyright subsists in non-original works capable of being reproduced
  3. (c)Copyright subsist in original works capable of being reproduced✓
  4. (d)Copyright subsists in all works irrespective of their capacity to be reproduced
Answer & explanation

Answer: (c) Copyright subsist in original works capable of being reproduced

Passage for June 2025 Q96–Q100

Read the following passage and answer the questions

Moral rights first became part of the international system with their inclusion in the Berne Convention, which was established during the 1928 revision conference in Rome. The text has been subject to amendment only twice in 1948, at the Brussels revision conference of the Berne Convention, and again, at the landmark Stockholm conference of 1967. It is telling that the amendments did not introduce substantial change into the provisions, unless it was to reduce their scope. Their focus, rather was on clarifying limitations on moral rights which previous generations of negotiators may well have taken for granted as built into the system

June 2025 · Q96

Which international legal instrument incorporates the provision for protection of moral rights?

  1. (a)Stockholm Convention
  2. (b)Brussels Convention
  3. (c)Berne Convention✓
  4. (d)Rome Convention
Answer & explanation

Answer: (c) Berne Convention

Explanation: Moral rights became part of international law through the Berne Convention during its 1928 revision.

June 2025 · Q97

Which of the following brought clarification on limitation on moral rights?

  1. (a)Rome Conference
  2. (b)Brussels Revision Conference alone
  3. (c)Both Brussels Revision Conference and Stockholm Conference✓
  4. (d)Stockholm Conference alone
Answer & explanation

Answer: (c) Both Brussels Revision Conference and Stockholm Conference

Explanation: These conferences clarified limitations but did not substantially amend the original moral rights text.

June 2025 · Q98

In which year were 'moral rights' first introduced into the international system?

  1. (a)1967
  2. (b)1928✓
  3. (c)1886
  4. (d)1948
Answer & explanation

Answer: (b) 1928

Explanation: Moral rights were first introduced in 1928 at the Rome Conference under the Berne Convention.

June 2025 · Q99

What is not correct about Rome Revision Conference, 1928?

  1. (a)It incorporated moral rights into Berne Convention
  2. (b)The text on moral rights introduced by 1928 Revision has never undergone any amendments✓
  3. (c)The focus on Stockholm conference was not to nullify the moral rights introduced by Rome Conference
  4. (d)The Brussels Revision Conference brought first amendment to the text of moral rights inserted by Rome Conference
Answer & explanation

Answer: (b) The text on moral rights introduced by 1928 Revision has never undergone any amendments

Explanation: The text on moral rights introduced by 1928 Revision has undergone amendments.

June 2025 · Q100

Which is true about moral rights?

  1. (a)The 1948 and 1967 amendments enlarged the scope of moral rights
  2. (b)The Brussels revision conference and the Stockholm conference clarified limitations on moral rights✓
  3. (c)The Brussels and Stockholm amendments brought substantial changes in the realm of moral rights
  4. (d)The original Berne convention text itself carried provisions on moral rights
Answer & explanation

Answer: (b) The Brussels revision conference and the Stockholm conference clarified limitations on moral rights

Explanation: Both conferences provided clarification on limitations without significantly altering the original scope.

31 Dec 2025 (Shift 1) · Q116

Which of the following is NOT a subject matter of copyright as per Section 13 of the Copyright Act, 1957 ?

  1. (a)Cinematographic films
  2. (b)Dramatic work
  3. (c)Performance of performers✓
  4. (d)Sound recording
Answer & explanation

Answer: (c) Performance of performers

Passage for June 2026 Q146–Q150

Comprehension (for Q.146–150)

Until 2015, if you sang “Happy Birthday to you” to your child, you were a copyright infringer, at least that’s what Warner/Chappell Music Inc. would have had you believe. The music publishing company had been charging filmmakers and restaurants for the use of the song in movie scenes and birthday parties for decades. In his situation comedy Sports-Night, writer and producer Aaron Sorkin wrote an entire episode about one of the character getting a fictional television network in big legal trouble for singing “Happy Birthday to you” to another on the air. It turns out that song was in the “Public domain”, namely that collection of works and expressions that exist beyond the reach of copyright ownership and thus serve as a cultural “common” for all of humanity to use and reuse. No one had ever checked on the matter before about 2010. People just took Warner/Chappell word that the company owned the copyright to the song. It had been earning up to 2 million per year from royalties on the song. In 2010 law professor Robert Brauneis published the results of an extensive investigation of the copyright status of the song and found that, among other technical problems with copyright claim, the song on copyright expired in 1982. As a result of the research by Brauneis, Warner/Chappell faces a lawsuit in an attempt to recover millions of dollars that people have paid to the company for permission to use the song. In 2015 a U.S. Federal court ruled that the song is in public domain, with the court ruling an important part of our culture has been restored to the commons. (250 words)

June 2026 · Q146

The term of Copyright in published musical work under the Copyright Act, 1957 is?

  1. (a)Copyright shall subsist until 60 years from the date of release of song
  2. (b)Copyright shall subsist until 25 years from the date of release of song
  3. (c)Copyright shall subsist until 60 years from the beginning of the calendar years next following the year in which author dies✓
  4. (d)Copyright shall subsist until 25 years from the beginning of the calendar years next following the year in which author dies
Answer & explanation

Answer: (c)

Explanation: Under Section 22 of the Copyright Act, 1957, copyright in any published literary, dramatic, musical, or artistic work subsists during the lifetime of the author and continues until 60 years from the beginning of the calendar year next following the year in which the author dies.

June 2026 · Q147

What is the "Public Domain" in the context of copyright?

  1. (a)Works that are owned by the public
  2. (b)Works that are free to use without attribution
  3. (c)Works for which copyright has expired or been waived✓
  4. (d)Works that are published on the internet
Answer & explanation

Answer: (c) Works for which copyright has expired or been waived

Explanation: As highlighted in the passage, the Public Domain consists of creative works that are not protected by intellectual property laws. Works enter the public domain when their copyright term expires, when the rights holder expressly waives ownership, or when the work never qualified for copyright protection in the first place.

June 2026 · Q148

Which one of the following act constitutes infringement of the copyright?

  1. (a)The reading or recitation in public from a published literary or dramatic work for commercial purpose✓
  2. (b)The reproduction of any work for the purpose of a judicial proceedings or for the purpose of a report of a judicial proceedings
  3. (c)The reproduction of any work by a teacher or a pupil in the course of instruction
  4. (d)The making of a three dimensional object from a two-dimensional artistic work, for a purpose of industrial application
Answer & explanation

Answer: (a) The reading or recitation in public from a published literary or dramatic work for commercial purpose

Explanation: • Option (a) is an INFRINGEMENT: Under Section 52 of the Copyright Act, 1957, public reading or recitation is exempted only if it is non-commercial. Performing or reciting a work publicly for commercial profit without authorization constitutes copyright infringement.

• Options (b), (c), and (d) are NOT infringements: These fall strictly within the statutory exceptions ("Fair Dealing") under Section 52:

o Section 52(1)(d): Judicial proceedings exception. o Section 52(1)(i): Educational instruction exception. o Section 52(1)(w): Industrial application exception for 3D objects made from 2D drawings.

June 2026 · Q149

In cases of offences of infringement of copyright the jurisdiction to try the offence vests with

  1. (a)Commercial courts
  2. (b)District Magistrate
  3. (c)Metropolitan Magistrate of the Second Class
  4. (d)Metropolitan Magistrate of the First Class✓
Answer & explanation

Answer: (d) Metropolitan Magistrate of the First Class

Explanation: Under Section 70 of the Copyright Act, 1957 (Offences by whom triable), no court inferior to that of a Metropolitan Magistrate or a Judicial Magistrate of the First Class has the jurisdiction to try any criminal offence under the Act.

June 2026 · Q150

(The owner in case of Musical Work is

  1. (a)The producer of the musical work
  2. (b)The composer of the musical work✓
  3. (c)The singer of the musical work
  4. (d)The lyricist of the musical work
Answer & explanation

Answer: (b) The composer of the musical work

Explanation: Under Section 2(d)(ii) of the Copyright Act, 1957, the "author" (and initial first owner under Section 17) in relation to a musical work is defined specifically as the composer. Information Booster Entity / Category Statutory Reference Legal Definition / Rule Term of Copyright Section 22, Copyright Author's Life + 60 Years (calculated from Jan 1 of following Act, 1957 year). Musical Work Section 2(d)(ii), Composer (the person creating the music, regardless of Author Copyright Act, 1957 lyrics). Fair Dealing Section 52, Copyright Excludes non-commercial education, judicial proceedings, Exemptions Act, 1957 and private study from infringement. Criminal Section 70, Copyright Minimum trial forum: Judicial Magistrate First Class / Jurisdiction Act, 1957 Metropolitan Magistrate.

Topic 5Law of patent – Patentability, procedure for grant of patent, limitations and exceptions, infringement and remedies

10 questions · Open this topic on its own page

June 2019 · Q84

Bayer Corporation v. Union of India, 2011 case is dealing on which subject matters?

  1. (a)Evergreening of patent
  2. (b)Grant and sealing of patent
  3. (c)Working of patenting process✓
  4. (d)Surrender and revocation of patent
Answer & explanation

Answer: (c) Working of patenting process

December 2019 · Q51

Which of the following Section of the Patent Act, 1970 provides for the subject matters that are not invention under the Act?

  1. (a)Section 7
  2. (b)Section 3✓
  3. (c)Section 10
  4. (d)Section 11
Answer & explanation

Answer: (b) Section 3

December 2022 · Q45Sequence / order

Arrange the following sections of the Patent Act, 1970 in chronological order (section wisefirst come basic)

A. Controller and other officers

B. Term of patent

C. Convention countries

D. Multiple Priorities

E. Licensing of related patents

Choose the most appropriate answer from te options given below

  1. (a)B, A, E, C, D
  2. (b)A, C, B, E, D✓
  3. (c)C, A, D, E, B
  4. (d)E, B, D, C, A
Answer & explanation

Answer: (b) A, C, B, E, D

June 2023 · Q87Sequence / order

Arrange the correct sequence in which an application for grant of Patent will be considered

A. Opposition under section 25(2) of the Patents Act, 1970

B. Publication of application

C. Filling of claims

D. Request for examination

E. Grant of patents

Choose the correct answer from the options given below

  1. (a)B, D, C, A, E
  2. (b)B, A, C, D, E
  3. (c)C, B, D, E, A✓
  4. (d)C, A, B, D, E
Answer & explanation

Answer: (c) C, B, D, E, A

December 2023 · Q53

Which kind of patent is protectable in India?

  1. (a)Design Patent
  2. (b)Utility Patent
  3. (c)Process Patent✓
  4. (d)Plant Variety Patent
Answer & explanation

Answer: (c) Process Patent

December 2024 · Q121

Which of the following statutes define 'person interested'?

  1. (a)Patent Act, 1970✓
  2. (b)Coрyright Act, 1957
  3. (c)Industrial Designs Act, 2000
  4. (d)Geographical Indication (Registration and Protection) Act, 2000
Answer & explanation

Answer: (a) Patent Act, 1970

June 2025 · Q51Sequence / order

Arrange the following steps of the patent procedure (as per the Indian Patent Act) in correct sequence

A. Time for putting application in order for grant

B. Request for examination

C. Publication of application

D. Priority date of claims of a complete specification

E. Mention of inventor as such in patent

  1. (a)D, C, B, A, E✓
  2. (b)B, C, D, A, E
  3. (c)E, A, D, C, B
  4. (d)A, E, B, C, D
Answer & explanation

Answer: (a) D, C, B, A, E

Explanation: The chronological order is:

1. Priority date

2. Publication

3. Request for examination

4. Time for complying with objections

5. Mention of inventor

31 Dec 2025 (Shift 1) · Q120Statements

Which statements are incorrect with respect of Indian Patent Act, 1970?

A. Invention relating to atomic energy are not patentable

B. Originality and novelty are pre-requisites for patentability

C. IPAB (Intellectual Property Appellate Board) deals with all types of IPR disputes currently in India

D. A patent is valid for 20 years

Choose the correct answer from the options given below

  1. (a)C and D only
  2. (b)A and B only
  3. (c)A and D only
  4. (d)B and C only✓
Answer & explanation

Answer: (d) B and C only

June 2026 · Q64

Which one of the following is not a ground for opposition proceedings to grant of patent, under Patent Act, 1970?

  1. (a)That the invention so far as claimed in any claim of the complete specification has been published before the priority date of the claim
  2. (b)That the complete specification does not disclose, the source of geographical origin of manufactured material used for the invention✓
  3. (c)That the subject of any claim of the complete specification is not an invention within the meaning of the Patent Act, 1970
  4. (d)That the applicant for the patent wrongfully obtained the invention
Answer & explanation

Answer: (b)

Explanation: Under Section 25 of the Patents Act, 1970 (which lists the grounds for both pre-grant and postgrant oppositions under Section 25(1) and Section 25(2)):

• Options (a), (c), and (d) are valid grounds for opposition:

o Option (a): Covered under Section 25(1)(b) / 25(2)(b) - Prior publication of the invention before the priority date. o Option (c): Covered under Section 25(1)(f) / 25(2)(f) - The subject matter is not an "invention" or is non-patentable under the Act. o Option (d): Covered under Section 25(1)(a) / 25(2)(a) - The applicant wrongfully obtained the invention from the true and first inventor.

• Option (b) is NOT a ground: Section 25(1)(j) / 25(2)(j) specifies non-disclosure or wrong disclosure of the source or geographical origin of biological material used for the invention, not "manufactured material." Information Booster

• Grounds for Opposition under Section 25, Patents Act, 1970:

o Wrongfully obtaining the invention. o Prior publication in India or elsewhere. o Prior claiming in an earlier-filed Indian application. o Public knowledge or public use in India prior to the priority date. o Obviousness or lack of inventive step. o Non-patentable subject matter under the Act. o Insufficiency of description. o Non-compliance with Section 8 requirements (foreign filing info). o Failure to disclose or wrong disclosure of origin of biological material. o Anticipation by traditional knowledge available in local/indigenous communities.

June 2026 · Q113

Which of the following Section of the Patent Act, 1970 deals with 'inventions relating to atomic energy'?

  1. (a)Section 34
  2. (b)Section 24
  3. (c)Section 14
  4. (d)Section 4✓
Answer & explanation

Answer: (d) Section 4

Explanation: Under Section 4 of The Patents Act, 1970, no patent shall be granted in respect of an invention relating to atomic energy falling within sub-section (1) of Section 20 of the Atomic Energy Act, 1962. Such inventions are completely non-patentable in India due to national security and public interest considerations.

Topic 6Law of trademark – Registration of trademarks, kinds of trademarks, infringement and passing off, remedies

8 questions · Open this topic on its own page

June 2019 · Q85

The absolute grounds for refusal of registration is contained under which section of the Trade Mark Act, 1999?

  1. (a)Section 7
  2. (b)Section 8
  3. (c)Section 9✓
  4. (d)Section 10
Answer & explanation

Answer: (c) Section 9

June 2019 · Q86

Macleods Pharmaceuticals Ltd. v. Tidal Laboratories Pvt. Ltd. (2011) is a case on which subject of intellectual property rights?

  1. (a)Patent
  2. (b)Trademark✓
  3. (c)Design
  4. (d)Geographical indications
Answer & explanation

Answer: (b) Trademark

December 2019 · Q17Sequence / order

Arrange the provisions of Trademark Act 1999 in chronological order (section wise)

1. classification of goods and services

2. regulation in case of honest concurrent use etc

3. limitation as to colour

4. absolute grounds for refusal of registration

Choose the correct option

  1. (a)1, 2, 3, 4
  2. (b)1, 3, 4, 2
  3. (c)1, 4, 3, 2✓
  4. (d)2, 3, 4, 1
Answer & explanation

Answer: (c) 1, 4, 3, 2

December 2019 · Q48

Section 3(1) of the Trade Mark Act, 1999 deals with the provision relating to

  1. (a)Refusal of registration
  2. (b)Application for registration
  3. (c)Appointment of Registrar of Trade Marks✓
  4. (d)Correction and amendment in the application
Answer & explanation

Answer: (c) Appointment of Registrar of Trade Marks

Dec 2021/June 2022 · Q64

Which of the following can be registered as a Trade Mark?

  1. (a)Mark devoid of distinctive character
  2. (b)A distinctive mark✓
  3. (c)A mark causing confusion
  4. (d)Oval shape for medicinal tablet
Answer & explanation

Answer: (b) A distinctive mark

June 2023 · Q10

Which of the following can be registered as Trade Mark under the Trade Marks Act, 1999?

A. RASOI for hydrogenated oil

B. JHOOMRITALAIA for pens

C. BANK for banking service

D. Square shape for tyres

E. Obscene matters (things)

Choose the correct answer from the options given below

  1. (a)B only
  2. (b)A, B and D only
  3. (c)B and D only✓
  4. (d)C and E only
Answer & explanation

Answer: (c) B and D only

December 2024 · Q83Sequence / order

Arrange the following provisions of Trade Marks Act, 1999 in its correct order as appearing in the Act pertaining to trademark registration process?

(A) Relative grounds of refusal

(B) Withdrawal of acceptance

(C) Opposition to register

(D) Absolute grounds

(E) Honest concurrent use

Choose the correct answer from the options given below

  1. (a)(A), (B), (C), (D), (E)
  2. (b)(D), (A), (E), (B), (C)✓
  3. (c)(E), (B), (C), (A), (D)
  4. (d)(B), (C), (E), (A), (D)
Answer & explanation

Answer: (b) (D), (A), (E), (B), (C)

June 2026 · Q131

Following Marks are allowed to be registered under the Trademark Act, 1989 in India

A. The shape of a light bulb, where the shape functions to make the bulb more energy efficient

B. The term 'Icy Freeze' for the Ice Cream

C. The term 'Semiclo' for food processor

D. The term 'Matokla' for coffee

Choose the correct answer from the options given below

  1. (a)A and B only
  2. (b)B and C only
  3. (c)C and D only✓
  4. (d)A and D only
Answer & explanation

Answer: (c) C and D only

Explanation: Under the Trade Marks Act, 1999 (governing trademark registration in India), the registrability of marks depends on whether they fall under the Absolute Grounds for Refusal under Section 9:

• Statement A - INCORRECT (Prohibited from Registration):

o Under Section 9(3)(b) of the Trade Marks Act, 1999, a mark shall not be registered if it consists exclusively of "the shape of goods which is necessary to obtain a technical result". o Since the shape of the lightbulb functions specifically to make it more energyefficient (a technical result), it cannot be registered as a trademark. Statement B - INCORRECT (Prohibited from Registration):

o Under Section 9(1)(b), trademarks which consist exclusively of marks or indications designating the kind, quality, quantity, intended purpose, or characteristics of the goods (descriptive terms) shall not be registered. o The term 'Icy Freeze' for Ice Cream is directly descriptive of the cold/frozen nature and characteristics of ice cream, rendering it non-registrable unless it has acquired secondary meaning/distinctiveness through extensive prior use.

• Statement C - CORRECT (Allowed to be Registered):

o 'Semiclo' for a food processor is an invented/fanciful or arbitrary term that does not directly describe the product's function, quality, or characteristics. Thus, it possesses inherently distinctive character under Section 9(1)(a) and is allowed for registration.

• Statement D - CORRECT (Allowed to be Registered):

o 'Matokla' for coffee is an invented word with no descriptive connection to coffee. Arbitrary or coined terms carry strong distinctiveness and are fully eligible for registration under Section 9(1)(a). Therefore, only statements C and D describe marks that are allowed to be registered, corresponding to Option (c).

•

Topic 7Protection of Geographical Indications

5 questions · Open this topic on its own page

June 2019 · Q87

The prohibition of registration of geographical indication under the GI Act, 1999 contains as many as

  1. (a)four grounds
  2. (b)five grounds
  3. (c)six grounds
  4. (d)seven grounds✓
Answer & explanation

Answer: (d) seven grounds

December 2019 · Q33

Section 9 of the Geographical Indication of Goods (Registration and Protection) Act 1999 provides for

  1. (a)Prohibition of Registration of certain geographical indications✓
  2. (b)Registration of Homonymous geographical indications
  3. (c)Geographical Indication Registry and Office thereof
  4. (d)Geographical of Geographical Indications
Answer & explanation

Answer: (a) Prohibition of Registration of certain geographical indications

Dec 2020/June 2021 · Q55

The geographical indications are distinctive signs or indications which identify any goods as

(1) Act of unfair competition under Paris convention, 1967

(2) Originating in a specified territory

(3) Stipulate the misleading test guaranteeing a negative right

(4) Specific quality, reputation and characteristics

(5) Essentially attributable to origin

Choose the correct answer from the options given below

  1. (a)(1), (2), (3) Only
  2. (b)(3), (4), (5) Only
  3. (c)(1), (4), (2) Only
  4. (d)(2), (4), (5) Only✓
Answer & explanation

Answer: (d) (2), (4), (5) Only

Dec 2021/June 2022 · Q7

Which of the following is NOT correct under the Geographical Indications of Goods (Registration and Protection) Act, 1999?

  1. (a)Producer, in case of agricultural goods, includes the person who produces the goods
  2. (b)Producer, in case of agricultural goods, includes the person who packages such goods
  3. (c)Producer, in case of natural goods, includes the person who exploits such goods
  4. (d)Producer, in case of handicrafts, includes the person who packages such goods✓
Answer & explanation

Answer: (d) Producer, in case of handicrafts, includes the person who packages such goods

June 2026 · Q87Match the lists

Match List I with List II LIST I (Geographical Indications) LIST II (State of Origin)

A. Venkatagiri Sarees I. Madhya Pradesh

B. Muga Silk II. Gujarat

C. Patan Patola III. Assam

D. Chanderi Silk IV. Andhra Pradesh

Choose the correct answer from the options given below

  1. (a)A-IV, B-III, C-II, D-I✓
  2. (b)A-III, B-I, C-IV, D-II
  3. (c)A-IV, B-I, C-II, D-III
  4. (d)A-II, B-IV, C-I, D-III
Answer & explanation

Answer: (a) A-IV, B-III, C-II, D-I

Explanation: Matching each Geographical Indication (GI) tagged handicraft/textile from List I to its state of origin in List II:

•

A. Venkatagiri Sarees IV. Andhra Pradesh:

Venkatagiri Sarees originate from the historic town of Venkatagiri in the Tirupati/Nellore district of Andhra Pradesh. Renowned for their fine cotton-and-silk handloom weaving and intricate Jamdani motifs, they were granted a GI tag in 2011.

•

B. Muga Silk III. Assam:

Muga Silk is a naturally golden-tinted wild silk exclusive to Assam. Produced by the silkworm Antheraea assamensis, it obtained its Geographical Indication status in 2007.

•

C. Patan Patola II. Gujarat:

Patan Patola refers to the world-famous double-ikat woven silk sarees crafted in Patan, Gujarat. Known for their complex geometric patterns and color durability, they hold a distinct GI tag under Gujarat handicrafts.

•

D. Chanderi Silk I. Madhya Pradesh:

Chanderi sarees and fabrics are traditional handloom textiles produced in the town of Chanderi in Madhya Pradesh. Characterized by lightweight sheer texture, gold zari work, and rich borders, Chanderi fabric received its GI registration in 2005.

Topic 8Bio-diversity and Traditional Knowledge

2 questions · Open this topic on its own page

June 2019 · Q88

Regulation of Access to Biological Diversity is described under which one of the following Chapters of the Biological Diversity Act, 2002?

  1. (a)Chapter I
  2. (b)Chapter II✓
  3. (c)Chapter III
  4. (d)Chapter IV
Answer & explanation

Answer: (b) Chapter II

June 2020 · Q53

When the biological resources are accessed for commercial utilization or the bio-survey and bio-utilization leads to commercial utilization, the application the applicant shall have the option to pay the benefit-sharing ranging from

  1. (a)0.1 to 0.2
  2. (b)0.1 to 0.3
  3. (c)0.1 to 0.4
  4. (d)0.1 to 0.5✓
Answer & explanation

Answer: (d) 0.1 to 0.5

Topic 9Information technology law - digital signature and electronic signature, electronic governance, electronic records and duties of subscribers

17 questions · Open this topic on its own page

June 2019 · Q89

'Cyber Security' according to the IT Act, 2002 means

  1. (a)a device and collection of devices, including input and output support devices and excluding calculations which are not programmable and capable of being used
  2. (b)any electronic, magnetic, optical or other high speed data processing device or system which performs logical, arithmetic and memory functions by manipulation of electronic, magnetic or optical impulse
  3. (c)protecting information, equipment, devices, computer, computer resource, communication device and information stored therein from unauthorised access, use, disclosure, disruption, modification or destruction✓
  4. (d)affixing with its grammatical variations and cognate expressions means adoption of my methodology or procedure by a person for the purpose of authenticating an electronic record
Answer & explanation

Answer: (c)

December 2019 · Q15

Section 49 of the Information Technology Act deals with the provision relating to

  1. (a)Establishment of Cyber Appellate Tribunal
  2. (b)Qualification for appointment as Chairperson and member of Cyber Appellate Tribunal
  3. (c)Composition of Cyber Appellate Tribunal✓
  4. (d)Distribution of business among benches
Answer & explanation

Answer: (c) Composition of Cyber Appellate Tribunal

June 2020 · Q60

By which amendment, the third and fourth schedules of the IT Act were omitted

  1. (a)Act 10 of 2009✓
  2. (b)Act 55 of 2002
  3. (c)Act 66 of 2009
  4. (d)Act 09 of 2009
Answer & explanation

Answer: (a) Act 10 of 2009

June 2020 · Q75

By which amendment of information Technology Act, 2000 the third and fourth schedules were ommitted

A. Act 10 of 2009

B. Act 55 of 2009 2009 55

C. Act 66 of 2009

D. Act 09 of 2009

Choose the correct answer from the options given below

  1. (a)A only✓
  2. (b)B only
  3. (c)C only
  4. (d)D only
Answer & explanation

Answer: (a) A only

June 2020 · Q78

The provision relating to 'legal recognition of electronic signatures' is contained under which section of Information Technology Act, 2000

  1. (a)Section 3
  2. (b)Section 3-A
  3. (c)Section 4
  4. (d)Section 5✓
Answer & explanation

Answer: (d) Section 5

Dec 2020/June 2021 · Q37

The validity of contracts formed through electronic means is contained under which section of information technology Act, 2000?

  1. (a)Section 3A
  2. (b)Section 6A
  3. (c)Section 7A
  4. (d)Section 10A✓
Answer & explanation

Answer: (d) Section 10A

Dec 2020/June 2021 · Q38Match the lists

Match List I with List II

List-I/I (Definitions of)

List-II/II (Provisions under Information Technology Act, 2000)

A. Computer (I) Section 2(g) 2(g)

B. Computer Network/(II) Section 2(k) 2(k)

C. Certifying Authority/(III) Section 2(j) 2(j)

D. Computer Resource/(IV) Section 2 (i) 2 (i)

Choose of the correct answer from the options given below

  1. (a)(A)-(I), (B)-(II), (C)-(III), (D)-(IV)
  2. (b)(A)-(II), (B)-(I), (C)-(IV), (D)-(III)
  3. (c)(A)-(IV), (B)-(III), (C)-(I), (D)-(II)✓
  4. (d)(A)-(III), (B)-(IV), (C)-(II), (D)-(I)
Answer & explanation

Answer: (c) (A)-(IV), (B)-(III), (C)-(I), (D)-(II)

Dec 2020/June 2021 · Q39

'Digital Signature' is defined under which section of information technology Act, 2000?

  1. (a)Section 2(p)✓
  2. (b)Section 2(q)
  3. (c)Section 2 (r)
  4. (d)Section 2(tb)
Answer & explanation

Answer: (a) Section 2(p)

Dec 2020/June 2021 · Q40

'Computer network' means the inter connection of one or more computers of computer systems or communication devices through

(A) The use of satellite, microwave, terrestrial line, wire, wireless or other communication media

(B) A device or collection of devices including input and output support devices

(C) Any electronic, magnetic, optical and other high speed data processing device

(D) All input, out, processing, storage, computer software or communication facilities

(C) Terminal or a complex consisting of two or more interconnected computers or communication device

Choose the correct answer from the options given below

  1. (a)(B) and (C) only
  2. (b)(D) and (C) only
  3. (c)(E) and (B) only
  4. (d)(A) and (E) only✓
Answer & explanation

Answer: (d) (A) and (E) only

Dec 2020/June 2021 · Q41

The term private key refers to

  1. (a)Authentication of any electronic record by a subscriber
  2. (b)Electronic signature certificate issued under section 35
  3. (c)Key pair in an asymmetric crypto system
  4. (d)Key of key pair used to create a digital signature✓
Answer & explanation

Answer: (d) Key of key pair used to create a digital signature

Dec 2020/June 2021 · Q42

'Cyber security' is defined under which section of information technology Act, 2000?

  1. (a)Section 2 (ua)
  2. (b)Section 2 (za)
  3. (c)Section 2 (nb)✓
  4. (d)Section 2(tb)
Answer & explanation

Answer: (c) Section 2 (nb)

December 2022 · Q35

Direction : Point out incorrect response

The purpose of the Information Technology Act, 2000 as set out in the Preamble is

  1. (a)To provide legal recognition for transaction carried out by means of electronic data interchange
  2. (b)To involve the use of alternatives to paperbased methods of communication and storage of information
  3. (c)To facilitate electronic filling to documents with international agencies✓
  4. (d)To amend the Indian Penal Code, 1860; the Indian Evidence Act, 1872, the Bankers Books Evidence Act, 1891 and the Reserve Bank of India Act, 1934
Answer & explanation

Answer: (c) To facilitate electronic filling to documents with international agencies

June 2023 · Q53Match the lists

Match List I with List II

I II

List I/I List II

A. Asymmetric crypto I. Neighboring rights system

B. Rome Convention II. Industrial Property

C. Paris Convention, III. Trademark 1883

D. Madrid Protocol IV. Digital signature

Choose the correct answer from the options given below

  1. (a)A-IV, B-I, C-III, D-II
  2. (b)A-IV, B-II, C-I, D-III
  3. (c)A-IV, B-I, C-II, D-III✓
  4. (d)A-I, B-III, C-II, D-IV
Answer & explanation

Answer: (c) A-IV, B-I, C-II, D-III

December 2023 · Q55Match the lists

Match List - I with List - II

List- I Provision from IT Act

(A) Secure electronic Record

(B) Security procedures and practices

(C) Secure electronic signature

(D) Attribution of electronic record

List - II Section

(1) 16 (II) 15 (п1) 14 (IV) 11

Choose the correct answer from the options given below

  1. (a)(A)-(III), (B)-(I), (C)-(II), (D)-(IV)✓
  2. (b)(A)-(I), (B)-(III), (C)-(IV), (D)-(II)
  3. (c)(А)-(IV), (B)-(II), (C)-(III), (D)-(1)
  4. (d)(A)-(III), (B)-(II), (C)-(I), (D)-(IV)
Answer & explanation

Answer: (a) (A)-(III), (B)-(I), (C)-(II), (D)-(IV)

June 2025 · Q32Sequence / order

Arrange the following provisions in the correct section-wise order under the Information Technology Act, 2000

A. Penalty for misrepresentation

B. Punishment for identity theft

C. Punishment for cyber terrorism

D. Penalty for breach of confidentiality and privacy

E. Punishment for violation of privacy

  1. (a)A, B, C, D, E
  2. (b)C, B, A, E, D
  3. (c)B, A, C, D, E
  4. (d)B, E, C, A, D✓
Answer & explanation

Answer: (d) B, E, C, A, D

Explanation: The correct statutory sequence as per the Act is: Section 66C (identity theft), 66E (violation of privacy), 66F (cyber terrorism), 77 (misrepresentation), 72 (breach of privacy).

31 Dec 2025 (Shift 1) · Q74Sequence / order

Arrange the following provisions from the Information Technology Act, 2000 in the ascending order of their appearance in the Act

A. Validity of contracts formed through electronic means

B. Use of electronic records and electronic signatures in Government and its agencies

C. Retention of electronic records

D. Publication of rules, regulation etc. in electronic Gazette

Choose the correct answer from the options given below

  1. (a)A, B, C, D
  2. (b)D, C, A, B
  3. (c)B, C, D, A✓
  4. (d)C, D, B, A
Answer & explanation

Answer: (c) B, C, D, A

31 Dec 2025 (Shift 1) · Q129

In which of the following case, the Supreme Court of India directed the Courts and Tribunals to ensure that all uploaded judgments and orders are signed using digital signatures and not as scanned copies of printed version?

  1. (a)Ameena Begum V/s The State of Telangana (2023)
  2. (b)D. K. Basu V/s State of West Bengal (1997)
  3. (c)State Bank of India V/s Ajay Kumar (2021)✓
  4. (d)Virbhadra Singh V/s Enforcement Directorate (2017)
Answer & explanation

Answer: (c) State Bank of India V/s Ajay Kumar (2021)

Topic 10Cyber crimes, penalties and adjudication

8 questions · Open this topic on its own page

June 2019 · Q90

The Cyber Regulations Appellate Tribunal Rule, 2000 has been passed under which section of the IT Act, 2000?

  1. (a)Section 84
  2. (b)Section 85
  3. (c)Section 86
  4. (d)Section 87✓
Answer & explanation

Answer: (d) Section 87

December 2022 · Q41

Cyber crime is coverd and punishable under which of the following provision of IPC?

(A) Section 354

(B) Section 354 C

(C) Section 354 D

(D) Section 354 E

(E) Section 350

Choose the correct answer from the options given below

  1. (a)B, C only✓
  2. (b)B, C, D only
  3. (c)A, B, C, E only
  4. (d)B, C, D, E only
Answer & explanation

Answer: (a) B, C only

December 2022 · Q55

Which of the following is correct about the protected system under the Information Technology Act, 2000?

A. National Nodal Agency may declare any computer resource as the protected system

B. Central Government prescribes the information security practices and procedures for protected system

C. Protected system relates to the protection of the facilities of critical information infrastructure

D. Indian Computer Emergency Response Team has the overall responsibility for taking all measures for protection of protected system

Choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below

  1. (a)A, B, C only
  2. (b)B, C only✓
  3. (c)C, D only
  4. (d)A, D, C only
Answer & explanation

Answer: (b) B, C only

December 2023 · Q93

Which of the following provisions in the Information Technology Act, 2000 prescribe punishment for offences

(A) Section 65

(B) Section 66 D

(C) Section 67 В

(D) Section 52

(E) Section 62

Choose the correct answer from the options given below

  1. (a)(A), (B), (C) Only✓
  2. (b)(C), (D), (E) Only
  3. (c)(B), (C), (E) Only
  4. (d)(A), (B), (D) Only
Answer & explanation

Answer: (a) (A), (B), (C) Only

December 2024 · Q63

Which of the following sections do not deal with internet/cyber/computer crime ?

(A) Section 50A of Indian Copyright Act

(B) Section 354 D of IPC

(C) Section 111 of Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita

(D) Section 66F of Information Technology Act

(E) Section 11A of Patent Act

Choose the correct answer from the options given below

  1. (a)(C) and (E) Only
  2. (b)(A) and (B) Only
  3. (c)(C) and (D) Only
  4. (d)(A) and (E) Only✓
Answer & explanation

Answer: (d) (A) and (E) Only

December 2024 · Q115

Which of the following are true for adjudicating officers under the Information Technology Act, 2000?

(A) Has the powers of Civil Court which are conferred on the Appellate Tribunal

(B) All proceedings before it deemed to be judicial proceedings U

(C) Deemed to be a Civil Court for purpose of order XXI of CPC, 1908

(D) Deemed to be a Civil Court for the purpose of Sections 340 and 341 of Crpc, 1973

Choose the correct answer from the options given below

  1. (a)(A), (B), (C) Only✓
  2. (b)(C), (D) Only
  3. (c)(A), (C) Only
  4. (d)(B), (C), (D) Only
Answer & explanation

Answer: (a) (A), (B), (C) Only

31 Dec 2025 (Shift 1) · Q122

The Central Government is empowered to appoint which agency under Section 70B of the Information Technology Act, 2000?

  1. (a)Indian Electronic Emergency Response Team
  2. (b)Indian Digital Security Response Team
  3. (c)National Cyber Security Response Team
  4. (d)Indian Computer Emergency Response Team✓
Answer & explanation

Answer: (d) Indian Computer Emergency Response Team

June 2026 · Q76

Which one of the following is an exemption from direct or indirect liability of Internet Service Providers (ISP) and other intermediaries?

  1. (a)Digital Media Copyright Act
  2. (b)Digital Millennium Copyright Act✓
  3. (c)Digital Medium Copyright Act
  4. (d)Digital Marketing Copyright Act
Answer & explanation

Answer: (b) Digital Millennium Copyright Act

Explanation: Title II of the Digital Millennium Copyright Act (DMCA) of 1998, known as the Online Copyright Infringement Liability Limitation Act (OCILLA) (codified as 17 U.S.C. § 512), established the famous "Safe Harbor" provisions. These provisions grant conditional immunity and exemptions from direct or indirect (secondary) copyright liability to Internet Service Providers (ISPs) and other online intermediaries for infringing content generated or uploaded by their users, provided the intermediaries comply with statutory conditions such as:

1. Acting as a passive/transitory network conduit.

2. Lacking actual or constructive knowledge of the infringing activity.

3. Expeditiously removing or disabling access to infringing material upon receiving a valid notification (Notice-and-Takedown procedure).

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