15 previous year questions on Models of federalism – USA, Canada and India from UGC NET Law papers (2019–2025), including 2 match-the-list, 1 statement-based questions. The correct option is marked in green.
15 questions
In which one of the following cases the Supreme Court held that 'the federalism in India, is not a matter of administrative convenience, but one of principle'?
Answer: (a) S.R. Bommai v. Union of India (1994) . . (1994)
The essential characteristics of Federation in USA are
1. Supremacy of the Constitution
2. Distribution of powers amongst the various organs of the federation and of regional units of the federation by the provision of constitution
3. Judicial review or enforcement of that supreme constitution as law
4. The Rule of Law
Chose the correct option
Answer: (a) Only 1, 2 and 3
Which one of the following is the mandatory minimum requirement for a functional federation
Answer: (c)
Which of the following statements are correct?
(1) In Canada, the federation was not a voluntary union but was imposed by an Act
(2) In India, the act of 1935 created autonomous units and forged them into a federation
(3) The American Union was formed by voluntary agreement among a number of sovereign states
(4) Indian Constitution has been framed by the States and not by the people of India
Choose the correct answer from the options given below
Answer: (a) (1), (2) and (3) only
In context of Center-State relationship, the residuary power rests with the center (Parliament) in which of the following countries
Answer: (a) India and Canada
Match List-I with List-II
List-I List-II
A. Limited Powers of the Parliament I UK
B. Residuary Power to the states II India
C. Unlimited powers of the parliament III US
D. constitutional Council IV France
I II
I -II
B. II
C. III
D. IV
Choose the correct answer from the options given below
Answer: (d) A-II, B-III, C-I, D-IV
Match List-I with List-II
List-I List-II
A. British North America Act I 1787
B. Australian constitution Act II 1867
C. USA Constitution III 1689
D. UK Bill of Rights IV 1900
I II
I -II
B. II. 1867
C. III. 1689
D. IV. 1900
Choose the correct answer from the options given below
Answer: (b) A-II, B-IV, C-I, D-III
Passage for December 2022 Q91–Q95
Direction (Q. No. 91 to 95)
If a copy of a Constitution is placed in the hands of a law student, it is sure that he will ask two questions. Firstly, what is the form of Government that is envisaged in the Constitution; and secondly what is the form of the Constitution? Form of the proposed Government is parliamentary. Form of the Draft Constitution is federal in as much as it establishes what may be called a Dual policy. This dual policy under the proposed Constitution will consist of the Union at the centre and the states at the periphery each endowed with sovereign powers to be exercised in the field assigned to them respectively by the Constitution. Some critics have taken objection to the description of India in Article 1 of the Constitution as a Union of States. It is said that the correct phraseology should be federation of States. It is true that South Africa, which is a unitary State, is described as a Union. But Canada, which is a federation is also called a Union. Thus, the description of India as a Union, though its Constitution is federal does no violence to usage. But Canada which is a federation is also called a union. Thus the description of India as union, though its constitution is federal does no vilence no usage. But what is important is that the use of the word union is deliberate. As Dr. Ambedkar has said, "I do not know why the word 'Union' was used in the Canadian Constitution. But I can tell you why the Drafting Committee has used it in context of India. The Drafting Committee wanted to make it clear that through India was to be a federation, the federation was not the result of an agreement by the States to join in a federation and that federation not being the result of an agreement, no state has the right to secede from it. The federation is a Union because it is indestructible. Though the country and the people may be divided into different states for convenience of administration the country is one integral whole, its people a single people living under a single imperium derived from a single source. The Americans had to wage a civil war to establish that the states have no right of secession and that their federation was indestructible. The Drafting committee thought that it was better to make it clear at the outset rather than to leave it to speculation or to dispute
Americans had to struggle very hard (to the extent of civil war) to establish to which of the following?
Answer: (b) Federation was indestructible
Form of Government and Form of of the Constitution are
Answer: (d) Different concepts
Like Union, the states are endowed with sovereign powers. This sovereign power of states is
Answer: (b) Determined by the constitution
What did the Drafting Committee want to make clear at the outset?
Answer: (c) The States have no right to secession
Article 1 of the Constitution of India uses the phrase "Union of States", though it is a "Federation". The correct phraseology need not be "Federation of States" because
Answer: (d) All the above
Which among the following countries do not follow the scheme of distribution of power?
Answer: (c) UK
In Canada which document outlines the division of power between the Federal and Provincial governments?
Answer: (c) British North America Act, 1867
Which of the following Canadian legislations does not contain provisions related to Federation?
Answer: (a) Law of Federation, 1802
Explanation: The Law of Federation, 1802 is not a recognized Canadian statute. Federation in Canada stems from the British North America Act, 1867 and Constitution Act, 1982.
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